八週手持重物跳訓練對國中男生立定跳遠之影響

Abstract

前言：立定跳遠是最常用以評估受測者爆發力的指標之ㄧ，本研究依據實驗所得到之資料，討論八週練習前後各主要變項之變異情形，分析影響立定跳遠距離之綜合因素。研究目的：一、探討針對本研究之受試者，多少負荷為最佳負重？二、探討兩個月手持重物跳訓練之後，受試者能否提升立定跳遠距離。三、探討本研究之最佳負重與未負重，其立定跳遠動作之運動生物力學參數有何差異。研究方法：受試者是十五名國中田徑隊男生(身高173.1±6.63cm, 體重59.3±7.95kg)，每個人接受未負重立定跳遠，以及五種負重試跳（1kg、2kg、3kg、4kg、5kg）之立定跳遠測驗，選取負重表現最佳的一種，進行為期八週之負重訓練，並於後測時與未負重表現進行比較。本研究利用十部Vicon高紅外線速攝影機（200Hz）同步兩部Kistler測力板（1000Hz）收集受試者之運動生物力學資料，並運用逆向動力學之方式，計算得到下肢各關節之力矩及功率。研究結果：本研究之最佳負重為四公斤，平均約占受試者體重的6.67％；而在前測立定跳遠距離方面，本研究發現負重後顯著提升約8.25 ％；後測之負重與未負重，立定跳遠距離皆顯著提升約17.96 ％。運動生物力學變項方面，前測負重能增加起跳推蹬期，落地距離以及前後方向最大地面反作用力，但會降低空中飛程、起跳重心垂直速度、起跳落地重心高度差與髖關節力矩與功率。八週訓練之後，起跳重心水平速度、空中飛程、落地距離、起跳落地重心高度差、最大下肢關節角速度、前後方向最大地面反作用力、踝關節矢狀面最大力矩、膝關節矢狀面最大力矩、下肢關節矢狀面最大功率等變項，都顯著提升。結論：本研究發現，經八週手持重物跳練習之後，能顯著增加立定跳遠距離，顯示本研究設計之負重跳練習能有效提升立定跳遠之表現。Purpose ：The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical difference between unloaded and loaded jumps of standing long jump, and to compare the difference between pre-test and post-test of 8-week loading jump training. Methods：Fifteen Junior High School Male Students participated the study, and they tried 5 different loads to find the optimal load. Vicon motion analysis system(10 cameras, 200Hz) and two Kistler force plates(1000 Hz) were used to collect the 3D kinematics and kinetic data of pre-test and post-test. All data were analysed using mixed design two-way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation to test the selected variables at .05 significant level. Findings： (1) The optimal load of these students was 4 kg. (2) The loaded jump had greater jump distance (8.25 %) than no load jump in pre-test, and the jump distance was enhanced (17.96 %) in post-test than pre-test. (3) After 8-week training, the CM horizontal takeoff velocity, flight distance, landing distance, CM height between takeoff and landing, peak lower extremity angular velocity, GRFx, peak lower extremity torque, peak lower extremity power were significantly enhanced. Conclusions：After 8-week training, the participants enhanced the jumping distance, it indicated that training program worked.