歷年國中理化教科書電學單元及圖片演變的探討
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2008
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Abstract
本研究利用系統功能語法針對自台灣民國51年有課程標準以來，歷年理化或物理教科書中電學單元圖片的視覺表徵及互動關係做分析，並利用圖文中的動詞及名詞的數量比較討論圖文配合關係，研究發現如下:
(1) 歷年實驗活動中的圖片由單張儀器位置邏輯性關係圖，演變成多張真實情境暨科學技術模態圖片搭配步驟流程 ;
(2)文本中的圖片由科學家發明的儀器演變成日常生活常用電器，
(3) 圖片和讀者的互動由分離演變成涉入關係，
(4) 視覺語法的演變如下 :
a、物體帶電由概念分析過程到強調電子轉移的過程。
b、時間性分析過程的物體起電由強調物體表面帶電的正、負電荷分離現 象到強調自由電子的移動及導體中陽離子的不移動性。
c、電流由強調電力的流動方向到強調電子流及電流的相對運動性。
(5) 圖文關係一直是文說的比圖說的多，但圖文中對正電荷的用法不統一，文字自民國77年即統稱為正電荷，但圖中仍以原子核表示。
教科書的文本由純粹理論和閱讀者較少互動的情況，演變至今考量學生認知心理的層面，用色活潑、增加眼神互動加強和圖片的涉入關係，並以日常生活用品的圖片增加理論的應用性及實踐性。最後，依據研究與發現，就教學及未來編輯提出建議，並對未來研究方向提出建議。
Based on the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study aims to analyze visual representations and interactive relations of images of electricity taught in science textbooks since the Taiwan curriculum standard was set in 1962. This is then compared to the amount of verb and noun used in images and in texts to investigate the image and text relationship. Major findings are as follows: (1) In the past, to present the charge flow, experiments consisted of only one concrete picture as compared to the multiple abstract images used today. (2) Electric appliance is now used in substitution for the scientific instrument. (3)The once detached relationship between images and viewer has become one of involvement. (4) Visual grammar change: A. The visual representation of the charging reason has evolved from utilizing structured analytical images to emphasizing the movement of electrons. B . The visual representation of the charging by induction is a temporal analytical process. Now, the emphasis is on free electron migration and static positive ion rather than on surface charge. C. The visual representation of the current is action process. Now, the emphasis is on the difference in travel directions between the current and the electron stream rather than on electric power direction. (5) From past to present, the amount of words that we can read from text is more than that from images. In the text and the picture, the word of positive charge is inconsistent. From the use of only theories and limited interactions of the viewer, the importance of cognition psychology is now realized. To increase the application of theories, pictures used in textbooks are rich in color, the interactive relations of images and viewer have changed intimately, and pictures now show the daily necessities. Finally, some suggestions of science teaching and further research are proposed.
Based on the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study aims to analyze visual representations and interactive relations of images of electricity taught in science textbooks since the Taiwan curriculum standard was set in 1962. This is then compared to the amount of verb and noun used in images and in texts to investigate the image and text relationship. Major findings are as follows: (1) In the past, to present the charge flow, experiments consisted of only one concrete picture as compared to the multiple abstract images used today. (2) Electric appliance is now used in substitution for the scientific instrument. (3)The once detached relationship between images and viewer has become one of involvement. (4) Visual grammar change: A. The visual representation of the charging reason has evolved from utilizing structured analytical images to emphasizing the movement of electrons. B . The visual representation of the charging by induction is a temporal analytical process. Now, the emphasis is on free electron migration and static positive ion rather than on surface charge. C. The visual representation of the current is action process. Now, the emphasis is on the difference in travel directions between the current and the electron stream rather than on electric power direction. (5) From past to present, the amount of words that we can read from text is more than that from images. In the text and the picture, the word of positive charge is inconsistent. From the use of only theories and limited interactions of the viewer, the importance of cognition psychology is now realized. To increase the application of theories, pictures used in textbooks are rich in color, the interactive relations of images and viewer have changed intimately, and pictures now show the daily necessities. Finally, some suggestions of science teaching and further research are proposed.
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視覺語法, 互動關係, 圖片