幽默風格與婚姻滿意度的關聯：夫妻關係中自我報告與配偶報告之相關研究
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2020
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人際關係中最為親密的關係是夫妻，夫妻是家庭的根本、家庭是社會的基石，從吸引彼此到共結連理、從新婚到金婚，婚姻生活是否美滿影響到婚姻關係是否能長期維持，而夫妻間的溝通方方式便是影響婚姻滿意度的重要關鍵。過去研究提到親密關係的溝通受到彼此的幽默風格影響甚大，特別是雙方自己所表達的幽默風格與感受到對方表現出的幽默風格之影響；同時，過去研究大多發現正向幽默能促進關係親近，而負向幽默會傷害關係。然而也有不少研究顯示已婚夫妻的婚姻關係滿意度與交往伴侶的親密關係滿意度不能相提並論，幽默風格運用上也並非全然是正向有益或負向有害。過去國內外研究針對已婚關係探討幽默風格與婚姻滿意度關聯的相關研究眾多，但是大部分均以自陳評量為主，國內研究也較少涉及夫妻雙方評量之客觀探討。因此，本研究以臺灣已婚夫妻為目標群體，以立意取樣、紙本問卷調查的方式，採用四類幽默風格（親和型、攻擊型、自我提升型以及自我貶抑型）針對夫妻各別評量自己對配偶的幽默風格及感受配偶對自己的幽默風格，進而探討夫妻雙方自評及他評的幽默風格之關聯和差異，並以此深究與夫妻雙方婚姻滿意度的關聯及預測效果。研究結果為：
（1）幽默風格自評與婚姻滿意度：夫妻雙方個人的親和型幽默均能有效預測雙方的正向婚姻滿意度；妻子個人的攻擊型幽默能有效預測妻子的負向婚姻滿意度。
（2）幽默風格評配偶與婚姻滿意度：夫妻雙方感受對方的親和型幽默均能有效預測雙方的正向婚姻滿意度；夫妻雙方感受對方的攻擊型幽默均能有效預測雙方的負向婚姻滿意度。
（3）同時分析幽默風格自評及評配偶與婚姻滿意度：丈夫個人的親和型幽默能有效預測丈夫的正向婚姻滿意度，而丈夫感受妻子的所有幽默風格均與丈夫的婚姻滿意度無顯著預測效果。妻子個人的親和型幽默及感受到丈夫的自我提升型幽默均能有效預測妻子的正向婚姻滿意度；而妻子個人的攻擊型幽默能有效預測妻子的負向婚姻滿意度。
（4）幽默風格他評與婚姻滿意度：妻子感受丈夫的親和型幽默能有效預測丈夫的正向婚姻滿意度；丈夫感受妻子的自我貶抑型幽默能有效預測妻子的負向婚姻滿意度。
（5）同時分析幽默風格自評及他評與婚姻滿意度：丈夫個人的親和型幽默能有效預測丈夫的正向婚姻滿意度。妻子個人的親和型幽默及丈夫感受妻子的親和型及自我提升型幽默均能有效預測妻子的正向婚姻滿意度；妻子個人的攻擊型幽默能有效預測妻子的負向婚姻滿意度。
（6）夫妻幽默風格自評及他評的差異與婚姻滿意度：丈夫高估自己的親和型及自我提升型幽默時，妻子的婚姻滿意度越低；妻子沒有低估自己的攻擊型幽默，意指夫妻雙方評價妻子的攻擊型幽默較一致時，丈夫的婚姻滿意度較高。
（7）夫妻幽默風格的相似性與婚姻滿意度：夫妻自評之幽默風格的差異不顯著，代表夫妻間幽默風格具有相似性，但其相似性與丈夫的婚姻滿意度全無顯著預測效果；其中自我貶抑型幽默之相似性能有效預測妻子的負向婚姻滿意度。夫妻他評之幽默風格僅於攻擊型及自我貶抑型幽默有相似性，其相似性與丈夫的婚姻滿意度全無顯著預測效果；其中自我提升型幽默之相似性能有效預測妻子的負向婚姻滿意度。
本研究為國內少數針對夫妻為研究對象，蒐集超過150對夫妻配對樣本，以自評及他評同時探討分析夫妻間的幽默風格所延伸的關聯及差異，並以此關聯及差異深究夫妻間婚姻滿意程度的影響與其預測效果，資料可貴、結果有趣，於幽默風格與婚姻滿意度之研究實質有益於相關研究者參閱；同時，文末也提出本研究所含之限制與提供未來研究方向的建議。
As we know, marital satisfaction is a notably important variable, because it reflects many essential characteristics in married life. Many research shows that humor styles had become one of the most valued features of married life; consequently, humor styles and marital satisfaction go hand in hand undoubtedly. In marital relationship, humor has been considered to be a specific factor serving many different functions. Using humor, as for husband-wife relations, is not only beneficial but harmful in some ways, like aggressive humor; wherefore, humor use within the marriage may bring about a benefit or a detriment in marital life. Referring to the literature, humor styles are sorted as positive, including affiliative and self-enhance, and negative, including aggressive and self-defeating. It is well known that positive humor styles are associated with higher marital satisfaction, when negative humor styles are associated with lower marital satisfaction. However, not only positive or negative styles of humors are presented but also self-reported and spouse-reported humors will affect marital satisfaction. This study focused on the relation between self-reported and spouse-reported humor styles and marital satisfaction, and it also conducted to expect finding married couples may have similar orientations to humor and it may affect marital satisfaction. In this study, 340 participants self-reported ratings of humor styles across the 16 items of the HSQ-TC Short-Run and spouse-reported ratings of humor styles as well; in other words, the married couples rated their perceived feeling about both their own humor using to their spouses and perceived humor using from their spouses. Also, they indicated their overall degree of marital satisfaction. Analyses were conducted in SPSS version 23, correlation and regression analyses statistically at a value of p< .05 revealed that: (1) Self-report measure: for both husbands and wives, affiliative humors were significantly related to marital satisfaction. Also, there was a significant relation for wives between their aggressive humor and their marital satisfaction; yet, no relation was found for husbands between their aggressive humor and their marital satisfaction. Moreover, there were no relations between self-enhancing and self-defeating humors and marital satisfaction for husbands and wives. (2) Reporting Spouses measure: for both husbands and wives, marital satisfaction was positively related to the perception of the spouses’ affiliative humor and was negatively related to the perception of the spouses’ aggressive humor. However, there was no relation between the perception of the spouses’ self-enhancing and self-defeating humors and marital satisfaction for husbands and wives. (3) A regression model using self-reported and reporting spouses humor styles to predict marital satisfaction: only self-reported affiliative humor for husbands was related to husbands’ marital satisfaction; there was no relation between the perception of wives’ humor styles and husbands’ marital satisfaction. As for wives, self-reported affiliative humor and reporting spouses’ self-enhancing humor were positively related to wives’ marital satisfaction, and self-reported aggressive humor was negatively related to wives’ marital satisfaction. (4) Spouse-report measure: spouse-reported affiliative humor for husbands was significantly related to husbands’ marital satisfaction; moreover, spouse-reported aggressive humor for wives was significantly related to wives’ marital satisfaction. (5) A regression model using self-reported and spouse-reported humor styles to predict marital satisfaction: only self-reported affiliative humor for husbands was related to husbands’ marital satisfaction; on the other hand, self-reported affiliative humor and spouse-reported affiliative and self-enhancing humors were positively related to wives’ marital satisfaction, and also self-reported aggressive humor was negatively related to wives’ marital satisfaction. (6) Difference of self-report and spouse-report: wives’ marital satisfaction was negatively related to that the perception of husbands’ affiliative and self-enhancing humors were lower than husbands self-reported. On the other side, husbands’ marital satisfaction was positively related to that the perception of wives’ aggressive humor was lower than wives self-reported. (7) Similarity: the results show that the similarity of humor styles between husbands and wives were significant correlation. However, the similarity was inconsistently related to marital satisfaction. Additionally, the similarity of self-enhancing and self-defeating humors were negatively related to wives’ marital satisfaction.
As we know, marital satisfaction is a notably important variable, because it reflects many essential characteristics in married life. Many research shows that humor styles had become one of the most valued features of married life; consequently, humor styles and marital satisfaction go hand in hand undoubtedly. In marital relationship, humor has been considered to be a specific factor serving many different functions. Using humor, as for husband-wife relations, is not only beneficial but harmful in some ways, like aggressive humor; wherefore, humor use within the marriage may bring about a benefit or a detriment in marital life. Referring to the literature, humor styles are sorted as positive, including affiliative and self-enhance, and negative, including aggressive and self-defeating. It is well known that positive humor styles are associated with higher marital satisfaction, when negative humor styles are associated with lower marital satisfaction. However, not only positive or negative styles of humors are presented but also self-reported and spouse-reported humors will affect marital satisfaction. This study focused on the relation between self-reported and spouse-reported humor styles and marital satisfaction, and it also conducted to expect finding married couples may have similar orientations to humor and it may affect marital satisfaction. In this study, 340 participants self-reported ratings of humor styles across the 16 items of the HSQ-TC Short-Run and spouse-reported ratings of humor styles as well; in other words, the married couples rated their perceived feeling about both their own humor using to their spouses and perceived humor using from their spouses. Also, they indicated their overall degree of marital satisfaction. Analyses were conducted in SPSS version 23, correlation and regression analyses statistically at a value of p< .05 revealed that: (1) Self-report measure: for both husbands and wives, affiliative humors were significantly related to marital satisfaction. Also, there was a significant relation for wives between their aggressive humor and their marital satisfaction; yet, no relation was found for husbands between their aggressive humor and their marital satisfaction. Moreover, there were no relations between self-enhancing and self-defeating humors and marital satisfaction for husbands and wives. (2) Reporting Spouses measure: for both husbands and wives, marital satisfaction was positively related to the perception of the spouses’ affiliative humor and was negatively related to the perception of the spouses’ aggressive humor. However, there was no relation between the perception of the spouses’ self-enhancing and self-defeating humors and marital satisfaction for husbands and wives. (3) A regression model using self-reported and reporting spouses humor styles to predict marital satisfaction: only self-reported affiliative humor for husbands was related to husbands’ marital satisfaction; there was no relation between the perception of wives’ humor styles and husbands’ marital satisfaction. As for wives, self-reported affiliative humor and reporting spouses’ self-enhancing humor were positively related to wives’ marital satisfaction, and self-reported aggressive humor was negatively related to wives’ marital satisfaction. (4) Spouse-report measure: spouse-reported affiliative humor for husbands was significantly related to husbands’ marital satisfaction; moreover, spouse-reported aggressive humor for wives was significantly related to wives’ marital satisfaction. (5) A regression model using self-reported and spouse-reported humor styles to predict marital satisfaction: only self-reported affiliative humor for husbands was related to husbands’ marital satisfaction; on the other hand, self-reported affiliative humor and spouse-reported affiliative and self-enhancing humors were positively related to wives’ marital satisfaction, and also self-reported aggressive humor was negatively related to wives’ marital satisfaction. (6) Difference of self-report and spouse-report: wives’ marital satisfaction was negatively related to that the perception of husbands’ affiliative and self-enhancing humors were lower than husbands self-reported. On the other side, husbands’ marital satisfaction was positively related to that the perception of wives’ aggressive humor was lower than wives self-reported. (7) Similarity: the results show that the similarity of humor styles between husbands and wives were significant correlation. However, the similarity was inconsistently related to marital satisfaction. Additionally, the similarity of self-enhancing and self-defeating humors were negatively related to wives’ marital satisfaction.
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Keywords
夫妻, 關係, 自評, 他評, 評配偶, 幽默風格, 相似性, 差異性, 婚姻滿意度, married couples, relationship, self-report, other-report, spouse report, humor styles, similarity, difference, marital satisfaction