父職參與對嬰幼兒情緒覺察能力發展之影響：一項平行歷程潛在成長模式的分析
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2023
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臺灣傳統文化強調的「父不親教」已不再流行，當代父職參與在嬰幼兒發展上已被視為扮演一定的角色。然而以縱貫性的資料探討父親親職參與和嬰幼兒情緒覺察能力發展關聯性的研究卻相對缺乏。本研究旨在藉由長期追蹤資料分析父職參與對嬰幼兒情緒覺察能力發展的影響。本研究使用臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫（Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care, KIT）3月齡組3個月、6個月、12個月、18個月、24個月等五波資料中皆由父親填答且父親為已婚狀態的幼兒為樣本（n=291）進行縱貫性的分析。本研究分析使用的軟體包含 IMB SPSS、JASP以及Mplus 8.6。主要分析以平行歷程潛在成長模式（PPLGM）分析嬰幼兒6至24個月的情緒覺察能力發展軌跡，並以3至24個月的父職參與發展軌跡作為預測變項。
本研究結果發現，一、嬰幼兒情緒覺察能力在6個月時個體差異不顯著，而在24月時已有顯著的個別差異，在此期間呈現正向的線性成長趨勢。二、父職參與在3至24個月期間呈現正向的線性成長趨勢，無論是三個月或兩歲，都具有顯著的個別差異。三、在3個月時的父職參與潛在成長直線截距能顯著正向預測嬰幼兒24個月時的情緒覺察能力終點表現及6至24個月期間情緒覺察能力的成長率。四、3至24個月父職參與的成長率能顯著正向預測24個月時嬰幼兒的情緒覺察能力終點表現，但與其情緒覺察的成長率無顯著相關。
本研究顯示生命早期所接觸到的父職參與能正向顯著影響後續數個月的情緒覺察發展。除對研究結果進行討論，並提供後續研究及家庭教育相關實務工作者之參考。
The traditional Taiwanese cultural emphasis on"fathers not directly involved in teaching" is no longer popular, and contemporary paternal involvement in infant and toddler development is now seen as playing a certain role. However, limited local research has explored the relationship between paternal involvement and the trajectory of infants and toddlers’ emotional awareness. This study aims to analyze the influence of paternal involvement on the development of infant emotional awareness using a panel survey. Utilizing data from the "Kidsin Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care (KIT)" database, this longitudinal analysis focused on a sample of infants and toddlers (n=291) whose fathers were married and provided responses at the ages of 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Analysis was conducted using software tools such as IBM SPSS, JASP, and Mplus 8.6. A Parallel Process Latent Growth Model (PPLGM) was employed to analyze the trajectory of emotional awareness development from 6 to 24 months, with the paternal involvement trajectory from 3 to 24 months as a predictor variable. Theresults of this thesis include: 1. infants and toddlers emotional awareness (EA) had similar starting points at 6 months and showed significant individual differences at 24 months, with a positive linear growth trend during this period. 2. Paternal involvement (PI) exhibited a positive linear growth trend from 3 to 24 months, with significant individual differences in both 3 months and 24 months. 3. The latent intercept of PI at 3 months significantly positively predicted the intercept of EA at 24 months and the slope of EA from 6 to 24 months. 4. The slope of PI from 3-24 months significantly positively predicted the intercept of EA at 24 months, but had no significant correlation with the slope of EA.This study reveals that paternal involvement during early life plays a positive significant role in the emotional awareness development of children. In addition to discussing the research findings, this study provides suggestions for further research and education.
The traditional Taiwanese cultural emphasis on"fathers not directly involved in teaching" is no longer popular, and contemporary paternal involvement in infant and toddler development is now seen as playing a certain role. However, limited local research has explored the relationship between paternal involvement and the trajectory of infants and toddlers’ emotional awareness. This study aims to analyze the influence of paternal involvement on the development of infant emotional awareness using a panel survey. Utilizing data from the "Kidsin Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care (KIT)" database, this longitudinal analysis focused on a sample of infants and toddlers (n=291) whose fathers were married and provided responses at the ages of 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Analysis was conducted using software tools such as IBM SPSS, JASP, and Mplus 8.6. A Parallel Process Latent Growth Model (PPLGM) was employed to analyze the trajectory of emotional awareness development from 6 to 24 months, with the paternal involvement trajectory from 3 to 24 months as a predictor variable. Theresults of this thesis include: 1. infants and toddlers emotional awareness (EA) had similar starting points at 6 months and showed significant individual differences at 24 months, with a positive linear growth trend during this period. 2. Paternal involvement (PI) exhibited a positive linear growth trend from 3 to 24 months, with significant individual differences in both 3 months and 24 months. 3. The latent intercept of PI at 3 months significantly positively predicted the intercept of EA at 24 months and the slope of EA from 6 to 24 months. 4. The slope of PI from 3-24 months significantly positively predicted the intercept of EA at 24 months, but had no significant correlation with the slope of EA.This study reveals that paternal involvement during early life plays a positive significant role in the emotional awareness development of children. In addition to discussing the research findings, this study provides suggestions for further research and education.
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父職參與, 情緒覺察, 潛在成長模式, 臺灣幼兒發展調查資料庫, Paternal involvement, Father involvement, Emotion awareness, Latent growth model, Parallel Process LGM, Kids in Taiwan: National Longitudinal Study of Child Development and Care (KIT)