金門縣中等學校學生的菸害認知、吸菸態度、拒菸把握度與吸菸行為意向之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討金門縣中等學校學生菸害認知、吸菸態度、拒菸把握度及吸菸行為意向的現況以及其相關因素。本研究採問卷調查方式，以集束抽樣法抽樣，最後得到有效樣本429人。收集的資料經處理與統計分析後，得到以下重要發現： 一、研究對象菸害認知仍有待加強；但吸菸態度大多呈現正向；亦有很高的拒菸把握度；而且大多也會考慮自己的健康，而有較高的拒菸自我效能，亦即將來會吸菸的可能較低。 二、研究對象的菸害認知並不會因其社會人口學變項的不同水準而呈顯著差異；吸菸態度會因年齡、性別、學習階段、母親教育程度等四個變項的不同而呈顯著差異；拒菸把握度則會因年齡、性別的不同而呈顯著差異；而吸菸行為意向只與學生的學習階段呈顯著差異，其中高中職學生較國中生將來有較低的吸菸可能性。另外，研究對象的菸害認知、吸菸態度、拒菸把握度與吸菸行為意向之間存在顯著關係。 三、研究對象吸菸行為意向的最主要的預測因素為：學習階段、性別、家庭社經地位指數、家中有無人吸菸、吸菸態度、拒菸把握度等六個變項，也就是研究對象屬高中職者、女生者、家庭社經地位高者、家中較少人吸菸者，吸菸態度較正向者及拒菸把握度較高者有較佳的吸菸行為意向(即將來較不會吸菸)。這些最主要的預測因素又以拒菸把握度影響最大。

The purpose of this study is to understand the knowledge on tobacco hazard, the smoking attitude, the self-efficacy of anti-smoking and the behavior intention of smoking for the students of Kinmen high schools. After performing a survey using cluster sampling method, this study collected 429 effective samples. From the compiled data of those effective samples, three significant findings can be presented as follows: 1. The knowledge on tobacco hazard of the target objects needs to be increased. Their smoking attitude are relatively positive. They also have higher degree of self-efficacy of anti-smoking. And most of the objects concern about their own health. The higher degree of the self-efficacy of anti-smoking indicates the lower behavior intention of smoking in the future. 2. The knowledge on tobacco hazard of the study objects did not vary noticeable with the social economic variances. The smoking attitude of the study objects were found to differ according to the variances of age, sex, learning stage, and their mothers’ educational degree. The self-efficacy of anti-smoking were found to vary with their age and sex. The behavior intention of smoking can only be found to change with their learning stage. Besides, this study prescribes some obvious connections amongst the knowledge on tobacco hazard, the smoking attitude, the self-efficacy of anti-smoking and their behavior intention of smoking for the target students. 3. Six important variances to predict the behavior intention of smoking are learning stage, sex, social and economical status, with someone smoking at home or not, smoking attitude, and the self-efficacy of anti-smoking. Among the predictive indices, the self-efficacy of anti-smoking was the most important one.