都市土地利用與人口老化對基層醫療資源分布之影響：以台北市為例
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Date
2012-05-??
Authors
張國楨
張文菘
曾露儀
Kuo-Chen Chang
Wen-Song Zhang
Lu-Yi Zeng
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
地理學系
Department of Geography, NTNU
Department of Geography, NTNU
Abstract
根據內政部戶政司統計，2010 年底台灣老年人口比例達10.74％，已遠高於世界衛生組織所定義老年人口比率7％之高齡化社會標準，且隨著少子化與衛生醫療的進步，老年人口比例將持續上升，此現象將造成人口結構失衡、勞動力短缺等問題浮現，老年安養照顧服務及醫療資源需求亦隨之擴大。各地醫療資源的可及性並非均質，即便於醫療資源相對充足的都市地區，其內部亦存在空間配置不均的現象，容易造成醫療資源的重複而導致資源耗費。因此都市內醫療資源配置的適宜性，以及影響都市醫療資源分布之因素，是亟需被探討的。都市醫療資源分布會受到人口組成、土地利用類型等因素影響。本文透過空間分析，探究台北市人口特性與基層醫療資源之相關性，發現醫療診所的配置並無呼應到老年人較高的需求；並以地理加權迴歸，分析台北市醫療資源分佈與老年人口比、土地利用類型比例的關係，將主要影響因子的連續變化具體於空間上呈現。結果顯示地理加權迴歸較傳統迴歸更能解釋基層醫療資源的空間分佈；主要影響因子在空間上分佈之差異造成醫療資源分布的不一致，也是造成基礎醫療資源預測殘差在空間分布的主要原因；醫療診所傾向設立於住商混合比例高且路網密集之處，與老年人口比例之相關性則較低。
According to the statistics of the Ministry of the Interior, by the end of 2010, the proportion of elderly population in Taiwan reached 10.74%, much higher than the standard of aging society defined by World Health Organization as 7%.With the low birth rate and the improvement of health and primary medical cares, the elderly population proportion will continue to rise this will result in the structural imbalance of the population, labor shortages and other problems emerge, beside increasing demands for elderly nursing care services and primary medical resources. The distribution of primary medical resources is not homogeneous, even in urban areas where medical resources are relatively abundant that tends to create problems of resources redundant and inefficient. It is necessary to address and explore the suitability of allocation and factors that affect the distribution of urban primary medical resources. The spatial distribution of primary medical resources in urban areas is affected by demographic composition, land use types and other factors. In this paper, we applied spatial analysis to explore relationship between demographic characteristics and primary health care resources in Taipei and found out that the allocation of the medical clinics does not reflect the higher needs of the elderly. We also applied Geographically Weighted Regression to analyze the relationship between the spatial distribution of primary medical resources and main factors, including the elderly population ratio, land use type proportion and street density, and presented the spatial variations of these main factors graphically. The results showed that the Geographically Weighted Regression provided a result than the traditional multi-regression on the spatial distribution of primary health resources; the spatial variations of distributions of main factors explain the spatial variation of the distribution of both the primary medical resources and the residuals from the Geographically Weight
According to the statistics of the Ministry of the Interior, by the end of 2010, the proportion of elderly population in Taiwan reached 10.74%, much higher than the standard of aging society defined by World Health Organization as 7%.With the low birth rate and the improvement of health and primary medical cares, the elderly population proportion will continue to rise this will result in the structural imbalance of the population, labor shortages and other problems emerge, beside increasing demands for elderly nursing care services and primary medical resources. The distribution of primary medical resources is not homogeneous, even in urban areas where medical resources are relatively abundant that tends to create problems of resources redundant and inefficient. It is necessary to address and explore the suitability of allocation and factors that affect the distribution of urban primary medical resources. The spatial distribution of primary medical resources in urban areas is affected by demographic composition, land use types and other factors. In this paper, we applied spatial analysis to explore relationship between demographic characteristics and primary health care resources in Taipei and found out that the allocation of the medical clinics does not reflect the higher needs of the elderly. We also applied Geographically Weighted Regression to analyze the relationship between the spatial distribution of primary medical resources and main factors, including the elderly population ratio, land use type proportion and street density, and presented the spatial variations of these main factors graphically. The results showed that the Geographically Weighted Regression provided a result than the traditional multi-regression on the spatial distribution of primary health resources; the spatial variations of distributions of main factors explain the spatial variation of the distribution of both the primary medical resources and the residuals from the Geographically Weight