基隆市老年人健康生活型態及其相關因素探討

Abstract

本研究目的在瞭解老年人健康生活型態，並探討背景變項與健康生活型態關係及預測因子。本研究以基隆市老年人為研究對象，採橫斷式調查法，利用自編結構式問卷進行資料收集，取得有效問卷421份。所得資料以SPSS 20.0 for Windows統計套裝軟體進行分析。研究結果重要發現如下： 一、研究對象健康生活型態以「菸酒檳榔使用」表現最佳，其他依序為「日常生活安全」、「飲食習慣」、「健康自我照顧」、「心理壓力調適」；表現最 差為「運動與休閒」。 二、飲食行為以奶類、水果類與油脂食物攝取表現較差。結果顯示，女性、教育程度越高者、罹患疾病數越少，飲食行為越佳；而「教育程度」最能預測飲食行為。 三、運動與休閒以規律運動習慣表現較差。結果顯示，女性、教育程度越高者、罹患疾病數越少，飲食行為越佳；而「教育程度」最能預測運動與休閒。 四、日常生活安全以用藥安全表現較差；女性、教育程度越高者、罹患疾病數越少，其日常生活安全行為執行越佳；而「罹患疾病情形」最能預測日常生活安全行為。 五、心理壓力調適以遇到問題時，會與他人討論表現較差。結果顯示，罹患疾病越多者，心理壓力調適行為表現較差；而「罹患疾病情形」最能預測心理壓力調適行為。 六、健康自我照顧以服用營養補充品，如維他命、礦物質、魚油、蜂膠等表現較差。結果顯示，教育程度越高者、與配偶同住者，其健康自我照顧行為越佳；而「教育程度」最能預測健康自我照顧行為。 七、菸酒檳榔使用情形：吸菸者占24.7%、飲酒者占20.2%、嚼食檳榔者占3.3%。結果顯示，女性、年齡越長者及教育程度越高者，菸酒檳榔使用行為越低；而「性別」最能預測菸酒檳榔使用行為。This study was conducted to understand the healthy lifestyle of the elderly, and to explore the relationship between different variables and a healthy lifestyle, as well as the strongest indicators of each of those variables. In this study, elderly individuals in the city of Keelung were used as research subjects.A cross-sectional survey with a structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data for this study. 421 valid questionnaires were obtained. The data was compiled, calculated and analyzed through the use of the SPSS20.0 Statistical Software(for Windows). The results and important findings of this study are as follows: 1.Of all the categories tested, the" refraining from smoking tobacco, chewing betel nuts, and drinking alcohol" variable had the strongest correlation with a healthy lifestyle.This was followed by the "everyday safety awareness ",“ health diet","ability to take care of self", and " ability to cope with pressure" categories , respectively. The " exercise and leisure" category, had the weakest correlation with a health lifestyles. 2.In the"diet" category, it was found that, of all the variables tested, a tendency to consume dairy products and fruit as well as avoid fatty foods was the variable that was least present in the research subjects. It was also found that females and individuals with a high education level were both more likely to have both healthier eating habits and a lower susceptibility to disease. Moreover, it was found that a person’s education level was the strongest indicator in determining a person’s eating habits. 3.In the "execise" and leisure" category, it was found that, of all the variables tested, a habit of regulary exercising was the the variable that was least present in the research subjects. It was also found that females and individuals with a high education level were more likey to have both healthier erating habits and a lower susceptibility to disease. Moreover, it was found that a person’s education level was the strongest indicator in determining a person’s level of execise. 4.In the "everyday safety awareness " category, it was found that, of all the variables tested, the safe usage of prescribed medication was the the variables least present in the research subjects. It was also found that females and individuals with a high education level had both a lower susceptibility to disease and a better understanding of safety behaviors. Moreover, it was found that number of diseases a person has was the strongest indicator in determining a person’s everyday safety awareness. 5.In the " ability to cope with pressure" category, it was found that, of all the variables tested, a tendency to discuss their problems with others when experiencing some form of stress was the variable that was least present in the research subjects. It was also found that more diseases a person has, the higher the likelihood that person would have a weaker ability to cope with pressure. Moreover, it was determined that person’s diseases provided the strongest indicator in determing person’s ability to cope with pressure. 6.In the "ability to take care of self" category, it was found that, of all the variables tested, a tendency to use nutritional or dietary supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, fish oil, or propolis, was the variable that was least present in the research subjects. It was also found that individuals with either high education levels or a spouse that lived with them generally had a better ability to take care of themselves. Moreover, it was found that person’s education level was the strongest indicator in determining their ability to take care of themselves. 7.In the "refraining from smoking tobacco, chewing betel nuts, and drinking alcohol" category, the smokers accounted for 24.7%, the drinkers accounted for 20.2%, the betel quid chewers accounted for3.3%.It was also found that womem, the elderly people , and individuals with a high educational level generally consumed less alcohol and chewed fewer betel nuts. Moreover, it was found that an individual’s gender was the strongest indicator in determining a person’s tobacco usage and betel nuts and alcohol consumption.