晚期兒童身體活動量,同儕關係與身體自我概念關聯:競技運動參與及性別差異

Abstract

晚期兒童身體活動量、同儕關係與身體自我概念關聯： 競技運動參與及性別差異 研 究 生：陳鵬仁 指導教授：卓俊伶 日期：2006年6月 摘 要 「身體活動心理模式」(Psychological Model for Physical Activity) 指出個體對於身體能力的知覺將會促進從事身體活動的吸引力，反映身體活動持續參與情形。本研究以晚期兒童為研究對象，探討身體活動量、同儕關係與身體自我概念關聯以及競技運動參與和性別差異。以立意取樣的方式，選取12個班級共367名國小學童（平均年齡11.9 ± 0.5歲）。使用「國小學童身體活動量問卷」、「兒童身體自我概念量表」與「社交測量地位指數」為研究工具。研究結果以皮爾遜積差相關及獨立樣本t考驗進行統計分析，發現：（一）晚期兒童身體活動量與整體性身體自我概念有正向關聯，並與其分量：「柔軟度」、「耐力」、「外表」、「彈性」及「力量」呈正相關，但與「肥胖」呈負相關；（二）晚期兒童的身體活動量與整體性身體自我概念有性別差異，其中，「耐力」、「外表」與「力量」三個分量，男生大於女生且具有差異性，女生在「柔軟度」與「肥胖」的得分比男生高，但不具差異性；（三）參與競技運動的晚期兒童身體活動量、同儕關係與整體性身體自我概念高於未參與競技運動的兒童，且具有差異性；（四）高身體活動量晚期兒童身體自我概念高於低身體活動量的兒童，且具有差異性。因此，本研究結論為：身體活動量高的晚期兒童，個人的身體自我概念較高；男性晚期兒童的身體活動量與身體自我概念相對高於女性；參與競技運動的晚期兒童身體活動量、身體自我概念與同儕關係高於未參與競技運動的兒童。

關鍵詞：身體活動量、身體自我概念、同儕關係

Association of Physical Activity Level, Peer Relation, and Physical Self-concept in Later Childhood: Sport Participation and Gender Differences

Master’s Thesis, 2006 Peng-jen Chen Advisor: Hank Junling Jwo, Ph.D.

Abstract Psychological Model for Physical Activity suggests the individual perception of physical capability can promote attraction of physical activity and reflects constant physical activity participation. This study was designed to examine the association of physical activity level, peer relation, and physical self-concept with sport participation and gender differences in later childhood. Three hundred and sixty-seven children in twelve grades were purposive sampled, whose average age were 11.9 ± 0.5 years. Physical Activity Questionnaire, Index of Sociometric Status Score, and Physical Self-concept Inventory were completed by all participants. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson Product Moment correlation and t-tests. The results showed that: (1) The physical activity level in later childhood was positively correlated with the physical self-concept, and the item of flexibility, endurance, appearance, and strength. However, the physical activity level was negatively correlated with fatness; (2) There were general significantly among the physical activity level and physical self-concept in later childhood. Boys had higher endurance, appearance, and strength than that of girls. Girls had higher scores in flexibility and fatness but no significant difference was found; (3) Significant difference was found among physical activity level, peer relation, and physical self-concept in later childhood with sport participation; (4) Significant difference was found that in later childhood with higher physical activity level had batter physical self-concept than ones with lower physical activity level. Therefore, it was concluded that, in later childhood with higher physical activity level had higher physical self-concept, boys had higher physical activity level and physical self-concept than girls in later childhood, and the later childhood with sport participation than ones without sport participation in physical activity level, peer relation, and physical self-concept.

Key words：physical activity level, physical self-concept, peer relation