臺灣觀光地景的建構與意涵

Abstract

觀光景點呈現的景觀絕非隨機，或是渾然天成，觀光地區的景觀及意象，是自然與人為力量合作產生，也是社會文化主流意識凝聚一地的展現。因此，透過景點的分析，可以探討其背後的社會與文化的意涵。本研究採取新文化地理學的角度，不但將地景視為一套象徵符號的表意系統，亦將觀光地景視為文化地景的一環。利用各時代官方選定的風景為主要的研究素材，從景點的地理空間分布為起點，加上各景點在該時代的詮釋與觀光活動，定義其觀光地景的建構。主要的研究目的，就在探討自清代以來，歷代政府在臺灣選擇與建構的風景，所反映出臺灣社會對於這塊土地的態度，乃至於在不同政權下治臺理念的演變歷程。 透過不同時代觀光地景的解讀，顯示出清代的臺灣是北京朝廷遙遠的邊疆；日治時期從東京來的總督，希望將臺灣打造成日本的南國之境；戰後戒嚴時期，臺灣是繼承南京政府的中國正統；直到解嚴之後才製造出屬於臺灣本島的風景。 解讀各時代的觀光地景，可以見到風景的選擇與建構，確實可以反映出各時代台灣社會，對於臺灣這塊島嶼的經營態度。The image of a tourist attraction has never been taken shape naturally. It is always been artificially constructed by our society. Therefore, by analyzing the construction processes of these tourist attractions, we can decipher the social and cultural meaning behind them. This study adopts the perspective of New Cultural Geography, and the tourism landscapes have been considered as part of the cultural landscapes of our society. Therefore, the symbols in the tourism landscapes can also been read as texts, and so to reflect the attitudes of different government regimes to this island of Taiwan. The study result shows that Taiwan was treated as a remote frontier by Qing court in Beijing; and the Japanese colonial government tried to turn Taiwan into her exotic southern territory in the Japanese empire. However, after the Second World War, the martial law had been applied to Taiwan by the Republic of China, and this Chinese government in Taiwan considered herself as the orthodox regime of China. Only after the martial law was lifted, the island of Taiwan can start to construct the authentic tourism landscapes of herself. Reading the tourism landscapes of Taiwan, not only we can see the meaning behind the images, but also reveal the attitude of each regime to the island of Taiwan.