「昇華」實驗技能學習成就達成階層之分析研究

Abstract

化學實驗技能的學習，不是機械式地模仿動作而已，而是要精通學習，除了學會正確的操作之外，要能將所學的實驗技能使用在實際的化學研究實驗上，也就是要能產生學習遷移。本文針對「昇華」實驗技能，作內容分析與其學習成就達成階層分析。由內容分析結果，得到「昇華」實驗技能的鑑別性屬性、可變性屬性、工作流程圖、階層概念圖等。學習成就達成階層分析結果，「昇華」實驗技能的學習達成分為模仿、辨識、歸納和活用等四個連續的階層，各階層有其應具備的能力和行為表現。

Learning chemistry manipulative technique requires not only mechanical imitation and skillful operation, but also skill concepts to effect learning transfer and hence to solve the chemistry experimental problems encountered. This study uses content analysis (structural task analysis, process-concept analysis, and hierarchical concept mapping), CLD theory and step-by-step learning model to analyze sublimation manipulative technique. The structural task analysis identifies the sequential and part-whole relationships of sublimation technique. Process- con-cept analysis identifies the critical attributes and variable attributes of sublimation manipulative technique. Hierarchical concept mapping of sublimation indentifies how this technique is relat-ed to prerequisite skills. The mental operation in action of four successive learning attainment levels for sublimation manipulative technique are identified.