大學倫理學教科書性別意識型態之研究

Abstract

本研究以內容分析法檢視於2004至2006年間出版、再版或再刷的本土四冊大學倫理學教科書文本中的性別意識型態，目的在瞭解此四冊大學倫理學教科書文本如何處遇性別議題，呈現何種性別意識型態，並探析被刪削的殘缺文本。本研究得到的結論如下： 一、大學倫理學教科書對性別議題的處遇 （一）文本呈現的性別議題，主要仍停留在傳統思維認定的性別議題。 （二）唯有《倫理與生活》一書以螺旋式方式呈現性別議題，其餘三冊文本仍以零碎的方式呈現性別議題。 （三）多數有關性別議題的論述，仍欠缺適切性與完整性。 二、大學倫理學教科書文本呈現的性別意識型態 （一）多數文本採神祇說、生物決定論、異性戀霸權、功能論、父權意識型態等立場，論述性別/性傾向差異的源起和作用。 （二）多數文本以明示或暗示的方式，對女性和同性戀者陳述語言偏見。 （三）文本以顯而易見、隱而未顯的方式，傳遞父權社會的性別刻板印象。 （四）唯有《倫理與生活》一書能以批判父權、關注女性經驗作為文本論述中心，其它文本忽略女性和同性戀者的經驗和聲音，扭曲真實世界的面貌。 三、大學倫理學教科書中的殘缺文本 （一）多數文本缺乏批判倫理學領域的性別刻板印象、偏見與歧視之論述。 （二）多數文本略而不提倫理學新興議題與派典。

This study aimed at exploring gender ideologies underlying four Ethics textbooks written by Taiwan scholars, published or republished in 2004-2006. The content analysis method was employed to answer three research questions: (1) how did the four textbooks portray sex/gender issues, (2) what gender ideologies were presented in the four textbooks, and (3) what are the mutilated texts in the four textbooks regarding gender issues? The results generated from this study are of three aspects. First, except the text of ‘Ethics and Life’, most texts portray sex/gender issues in fragmented ways and with traditional and conservative thinking. Second, gender ideologies underlying the four texts include the Gods theory, the biological determinism, heterosexual hegemony, functionalism, and patriarchy ideology. All the four texts showed linguistic bias against women and homosexuality directly or indirectly. It is also found that most texts ignored the experience and voice of women and homosexuality. Third, most texts were not aware of gender stereotype, bias and discrimination underlying traditional Ethnics paradigms and the new paradigm, the Feminist Ethics of Care, was omitted and distorted. Based upon the above-mentioned findings, suggestions were offered to Ethics textbook writers and users.