政府資源依賴下非營利組織的價值創造

Abstract

隨著社會多元化發展，公共議題日益複雜，單靠政府已難以回應多樣化的社會需求。非營利組織常扮演服務提供者、倡議者與政策參與者的角色，成為填補公共服務缺口的重要力量。尤其政府在面對人力與財政不足情況下，常仰賴非營利組織協力推動公共服務。而非營利組織在資源有限下，也經常承接或申請政府計畫維持組織運作，逐漸形成相互依賴關係。政府資源雖能提供組織營運穩定，卻也可能造成行政負擔、彈性降低與使命落實受限，影響組織的自主性與永續性。本研究以資源依賴理論為核心，結合價值創造觀點，並引入「創新能力」作為調節變項，建構分析架構，探討政府政策與資金對非營利組織使命計畫與服務提供的影響，並檢視創新能力是否能調節或轉化外部壓力為組織內部的成長動能。研究對象以實際執行政府計畫之非營利組織員工，並透過問卷調查蒐集資料，採取立意抽樣及滾雪球抽樣，共回收有效問卷245份，運用PLS-SEM進行假設驗證，輔以IPMA與多群組分析進一步分析構面關係與組織規模差異。研究結果顯示，政府政策與資金雖對使命計畫與服務提供具正向關係，然影響力未達顯著水準，反觀創新能力對兩構面皆具顯著正向影響，並展現中介效果，說明其可轉化外部制度壓力，促進組織使命落實。IPMA指出創新能力為高重要性與高績效構面，應為組織優先投入之能力；多群組分析進一步顯示，大型組織的創新效益更為明顯。研究進一步提出建議，由於政府資源對非營利組織並非絕對助力，唯有搭配組織自身的創新能力，方能發揮最大效益。未來應強化政策彈性與跨部門協作，並提升非營利組織的策略應變與創新能力，以建構具韌性與永續性的公共服務體系。As society becomes more diverse, public issues are increasingly complex, making it difficult for the government alone to meet societal needs. Non-profit organizations (NPOs) play crucial roles as service providers, advocates, and policy participants, filling significant gaps in public services. When faced with limited resources, the government often relies on NPOs to help deliver public services. NPOs, in turn, frequently depend on government programs for funding, leading to a mutually dependent relationship. While government resources offer stability, they can also introduce administrative burdens, reduce flexibility, and limit the organization's mission, affecting its autonomy and long-term sustainability. This study, grounded in resource dependence theory and value creation perspectives, introduces "innovative capability" as a moderating variable to explore the impact of government policies and funding on NPO mission plans and service provision. It examines whether innovative capability can transform external pressures into internal growth drivers. The research targets employees in NPOs implementing government programs, using surveys and PLS-SEM for hypothesis testing, with IPMA and multi-group analysis to further explore the relationships between dimensions and organizational size differences.Results show that while government policies and funding positively influence mission plans and services, the impact was not significant. In contrast, innovative capability had a significant positive effect on both dimensions, with a mediating role in translating external pressures into organizational growth. IPMA emphasizes the importance of innovative capability, and multi-group analysis reveals its stronger impact in larger organizations.In conclusion, government resources alone do not guarantee success for NPOs. The integration of innovation capabilities is essential for maximizing benefits and fostering a sustainable public service system. Future efforts should focus on enhancing policy flexibility and fostering cross-departmental collaboration.