動態圖像應用於國際手語學習之創作研究

Abstract

手語是視覺的語言，也是思想的呈現，學習手語能讓溝通無國界，全球約有3.6億的聾人，約占世界人口的5%。研究顯示學習手語能幫助腦部的刺激與發展，銀髮族透過手語的學習，活絡兩手筋骨以及視覺的專注，將有助於延緩老人癡呆症與中風的發生；嬰兒學習手語不僅比較不會哭鬧，透過手語與父母溝通亦能增進親子關係。手語和口說語言一樣，世界各國皆不相同，為了讓聾人透過統一的手語以跨越國籍與種族的藩籬，國際手語在1990年代盛行並被廣泛使用。現行手語學習主要為書籍紙本和真人實拍影片兩種，這兩大載體各有其優缺點。書籍以透過靜態照片或是插畫描繪輔以文字說明、影片則是由手語老師以定焦方式拍攝，再以字幕出現於畫面。動態圖像設計（Motion Graphics）的表現形式是近年大量運用在商業廣告中，動態圖像設計在畫面上具有自由多變的特性，且能透過簡化造型與單純的配色方式，聚焦訊息的傳遞。因此，本研究透過動態圖像設計的表現形式以及其特色，應用於國際手語的學習，藉此提升學習者在學習記憶上的成效。實施研究方法採實驗設計隨機分派，分別就控制組與實驗組作為學習對照，以影片和動態圖像設計進行學習並測試。研究結果顯示以動態圖像設計作為教學的實驗組，在學習圖像記憶上優於以真人實拍影片的控制組，其詞彙理解與認知能力的表現整體有顯著的差異。然而手語學習除了以書籍紙本和真人實拍影片外，藉由簡化圖像的動態圖像設計手語教學，可避免多餘的資訊干擾，聚焦於手勢動作的學習，增進學習者的圖像記憶能力，並輔以手勢軌跡的線條提供空間線索，以強化手語學習在視覺空間的概念不足。本論文創作將動態圖像應用於國際手語學習上，同時也置入於智慧型手機應用程式的載體上，以動態圖像設計轉換成GIF檔案的學習方式，不僅在畫面品質的控制優於影片，其檔案大小與格式傳輸上更具競爭力，透過應用程式輔助的簡單介面操作，讓學習方式更加有趣，且學習效果優於其他學習方式，以利推廣國際手語的學習。Sign language is a kind of visual language which helps present people’s thoughts, and learning sign language allows us to communicate across borders; there are now 360 million hearing-impaired people around the world, accounting for 5% of total global population. Study also shows that learning sign language can help human brains to receive stimulation and develop, therefore through learning sign language, elder people can not only limber up their hands but also put emphasis on visual activities, which will in turn contribute to delaying suffering from Alzheimer's disease and stroke; as for infants, learning sign language will decrease their chances to blubber, and if they can communicate with parents with sign language, parent-child relationships will be enhanced. Just as spoken languages, the forms of sign language used to vary from country to country, so in order for the hearing-impaired to break racial barriers and communicate with a uniformed sign language, the “International Sign” became a trend in the 1990s and has been widely used from then on. There are two methods currently in learning sign language: from papers books and through live-action videos, both of which have respective advantages and disadvantages; paper books show static pictures and illustrations with supplementing texts, while live-action videos were filmed by sign language teachers with the fixed focus mode supplemented by surrounding subtitles. The form of “Motion Graphics” has been being heavily applied on commercials in recent years, which is characterized by freely multivariate graphics, and can focus on conveying messages through simplified styles and simple color matching. This research applied Motion Graphics with their form and characteristic on the learning of the International Sign, aiming at raising learners’ effectiveness in remembering graphics. Regarding the research method, objects of study were randomly assigned into the control group and the experimental group, and objects in the control groups were taught the International Sign by videos while objects in the experimental group were taught by Motion Graphics. The research showed that objects in the experimental group were more effective in remembering graphics than objects in the control group, with significant differences in understanding vocabularies and cognition ability. In addition to paper books and live-action videos, sign language learning methods can also be designed by Motion Graphics with simplified graphics, which can avoid interference from unwanted information, focus on the learning of hand gestures, and enhance learners’ ability to remember graphics; with the assistance of the hand gestures’ locus line, this can also provide supplement to insufficiency of sign language learning in visual space. In this thesis, Motion Graphic was applied on learning the International Sign, and these “Motion signs” were also placed in smart phone applications as Motion Graphics were turn into GIF files, whose image quality is better than videos and whose file size and transmitting forms are more competitive; through the help of easy functions in the application, learning sign language is now more interesting, and users who want to learn can gain access to resources quicker and in a more convenient fashion, which can contribute to people learning the International Sign effectively, and at the same time help promote the importance of the International Sign.