安達盧西亞地區的世界文化遺產之形塑與再現：以阿爾罕布拉宮為例

Abstract

安達盧西亞得天獨厚的地理位置替這片土地帶來了多元且混雜的文化樣貌，不僅在中世紀被來自伊斯蘭宗教的政權治理了數百年，更同時汲取了鄰近地區的摩爾人文化，成為歐陸地區上少數高度揉合東/西方文明的地區。而當 1492 年卡斯蒂亞王國成功將格拉納達收復回基督宗教的勢力版圖後，安達盧西亞又頓時成為黃金時代下西班牙航海開拓者啟航的據點，讓它體現了十五到十八世紀西班牙輝煌且強盛的國力與人民堅忍不拔的精神。於是在這些豐富的文化元素滋養下，現今的安達盧西亞儼然已成為世界文化遺產的重要據點，不僅境內擁有高達七座的世界文化遺產，每年因遺產觀光而來訪的旅客與其帶來的觀光效益更是不計其數。本研究將以位在格拉納達的阿爾罕布拉宮作為研究個案，透過分析其遺產空 間內部的展示與空間規劃，來探討相關治理單位如何應用其遺產的歷史沿革與物質面來再現與形塑阿爾罕布拉宮，並同時分析阿爾罕布拉宮館方所籌劃的藝術展覽與教育活動，進一步探討阿爾罕布拉宮如何與周遭的地方社區連結，並在多方交涉且快速變遷的社會脈動下重新調整其遺產的再現與形塑，藉此維持阿爾罕布拉宮傳承在地文化的遺產功能並建構出一個融合格拉納達城市意象的文化觀光品牌。Andalucía’s exceptional location brings its territory diverse cultural image, Andalucía was not just under Islamic governance for several centuries, it also assimilated Moorish cultural elements which made its area became one of the most hybrid region in Europe. Furthermore, after catholic regime completed “Reconquista” in 1492, Andalucía transformed itself into important hub for those pioneers who explored new world in the Age of discovery, this historical context makes Andalucía become the embodiment of Spain’s overwhelming power and its resilient people during Golden Age. Because of those factors, Andalucía has become one of the most important area in World cultural heritage network, its World cultural heritages not merely appeal millions tourists to visit this region, but also brings tremendous benefit and attention to Andalucía from all over the world.This research aims to take Alhambra as case study and analyses its display and spatial arrangement to understand how institutions utilize its history and material heritage to represent and develop Alhambra. This thesis will intent to probe into the exhibitions and workshops which hold by The Alhambra and Generalife Trust, to clarify how Alhambra connects itself with local communities and adjusts its representations and developments to the society to maintain its heritage’s function and construct a cultural tourism brand with Granada’s city image.