臺灣地區救護技術員野外緊急救護課程架構與能力指標之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在建構適合臺灣地區救護技術員（Emergency Medical Technicians, EMTs）的野外緊急救護課程架構與能力指標，以彌補該領域在學術研究與實務課程設計中的缺口。隨著戶外活動的普及及頻繁的自然災害（如地震、颱風與山區土石流），救護技術員在野外環境中的應變能力面臨更高要求。然而，現行緊急救護教育針對野外情境的課程設計標準化不足，能力指標亦缺乏具體性，限制了技術員在非常規情境中的操作效能。為解決上述問題，本研究採用修正式德懷術（Modified Delphi Method），邀請緊急救護教育、野外醫學及戶外活動領域的10位專家參與，通過三輪問卷調查達成共識，最終建構出系統化且具實務適用性的課程架構與能力指標。課程架構特別考量臺灣的自然環境特性與相關法規，涵蓋基礎理論、技能實作、情境應用及法律遵循；能力指標則強調模組化設計與模擬情境訓練在提升實務能力方面的效能。

研究結果顯示，課程架構共分為2個類目、4個子類目、20個科目與78個能力指標。該架構以經驗學習理論與重理解課程設計為基礎，結合情境學習理論的實際應用，使學習者能有效將所學技能遷移至實務情境。同時，課程架構融合法律合規要求，確保救護技術員在法規框架內執行野外救護操作，增強其合法性與專業性。

本研究的主要貢獻包括：第一，建構具本土適配性與合法性的課程架構與能力指標，填補學術與實務空白；第二，驗證經驗學習與重理解課程設計在緊急救護教育中的理論價值，有效促進學用遷移；第三，提出模組化且靈活可調的課程設計範本，縮短學用落差並增強實務適用性。本研究亦對未來方向提出建議，包括科技整合、長期評估機制及多元文化情境研究。本研究成果為臺灣緊急救護教育提供嶄新的理論與實務框架，期望藉此提升從業人員的專業素養與國際競爭力。This study aimed to develop a comprehensive wilderness emergency medical training framework and competency indicators tailored to the needs of Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) in Taiwan. The increasing popularity of outdoor activities and frequent natural disasters, such as earthquakes, typhoons, and landslides, have imposed higher demands on EMTs’ ability to respond effectively in wilderness environments. However, current emergency medical training programs lack standardization and detailed competency indicators, limiting EMTs’ operational efficiency in unconventional rescue scenarios.To address these issues, this study employed the Modified Delphi Method, engaging 10 experts from emergency medical education, wilderness medicine, and outdoor activity domains. Through three rounds of surveys, a consensus was reached, resulting in a systematic and practice-oriented training framework and competency indicators. The framework accounted for Taiwan's unique environmental characteristics and regulatory requirements, encompassing foundational knowledge, practical skills, situational applications, and legal compliance. The competency indicators emphasized modular design and simulation-based training to enhance practical skills in real-world scenarios.The results identified a training framework comprising 2 categories, 4 subcategories, 20 subjects, and 78 competency indicators. Grounded in experiential learning theory and backward design principles, the framework integrates contextual learning approaches, enabling learners to transfer acquired skills effectively into real-world contexts. Additionally, it incorporates legal compliance requirements to ensure EMTs perform wilderness rescues within Taiwan's regulatory framework, enhancing bothlegality and professionalism.The study’s key contributions include: (1) constructing a localized and legally compliant training framework and competency indicators to address gaps in academic research and practical application; (2) validating the application of experiential learning and backward design in emergency medical training, facilitating effective skill transfer; and (3) proposing a modular and flexible curriculum model that bridges the gap between theoretical learning and practical application. Future directionsinclude integrating advanced technologies, establishing long-term evaluation mechanisms, and exploring multicultural contexts. This study provides a novel theoretical and practical foundation for Taiwan’s emergency medical education, aiming to enhance the professionalism and international competitiveness of EMTs.