資訊產品代工業成本縮減策略訂定

Abstract

代工價碼為資訊科技選擇設計代工製造廠商（ODM）的關鍵因素。因此，代工廠總是試圖降低代工成本，使之在成本領先策略基礎上能成為更具有競爭力的代工廠。可能可採用的成本降低策略則有包括組織重整、引進新的設計及製造技術和新材料導入、研發和經營開支的減少、供應鏈整合等最合適的策略可以降低代工價格，以期能增加代工訂單數量來實現代工的規模經濟。重要的是，很少有研究探索如何設計或重新配置各種策略，以組合出最好的降低成本的策略。因此，作者的目的是提出一種混合的多準則決策（Multiple Criteria Decision Making, MCDM）方法為基礎的決策框架。由代工從業專家所提供的策略中，以修正式德爾菲法，彙整出可能可以降低成本的策略。及由代工從業專家進行策略標準的評價。然後使用決策實驗室分析法（Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL）進行因果關係標準分析。將導出的權重套用於決策實驗室網路流程分析（DEMATEL base Network Process, DNP），再將據此以計算策略性能得分，將選擇最高性能得分的策略來構建策略組合，最後使用VIKOR法，訂定減低成本之成功策略。 本研究實證基礎將以在世界領先的台灣資訊產業代工廠商之一，用於驗證所提出的分析框架的可行性。以實證研究的結果基礎上，低成本支出管理系統和統一採購以及低價原料是最重要的策略。但企業減少浪費及自動化流程投資則未受專家所青睞，此將為未來欲進行類似研究可接續之方向。此研究策略和實證研究的結果可以建議給代工廠成為未來降低成本的策略基礎。The foundry unit price is always the key factor for brand name information technology (IT) vendors’ selection of the original design manufacturers (ODMs). Therefore, ODM vendors without any other differentiators always try to reduce costs so as to become more competitive based on the cost leadership strategy. Possible cost reduction strategies include organization re-engineering, new design, manufacturing technology and materials introductions, R&D and operating expenditure reductions, supply chain integrations, etc. The most suitable strategies are adopted so as to lower the foundry prices, and thus, increase the foundry orders so as to achieve the economies of scale. Albeit important, few researches tried to explore how the best cost reduction strategy portfolio can be designed or reconfigured. Therefore, the authors aim to propose a hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) methods based decision framework. By ODM experts provided strategy, the modified Delphi method will be introduced to summarize possible cost reduction strategies as well as evaluation criteria of the strategies being provided by ODM experts. Then, the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) will be introduced to structure causal relationship between criteria. The DEMATEL base Network Process (DNP) will be used to derive the weights versus the criteria, the performance scores versus the strategies will be calculated accordingly. The strategies with the highest performance scores will be selected to construct the strategy portfolio. Finally, the method VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) as the tool for ranking the alternatives will be proposed for cost reduction strategy success rate. An empirical study based on one of the world’s leading IT ODMs in Taiwan will be used to verify the feasibility of the proposed analytic framework. Based on the empirical study results, Low-Cost Spend Management Systems, Centralized Procurement and Cheap Materials are the most important strategies. But the internal expenditure savings as well as investment automated product processes not get experts’ favored. This will be recommendations to continue explore ODM reduce cost strategy for future research. The proposed framework and the empirical study results can serve as the basis for ODM vendors’ reduction of cost in the future.