運動參賽中介經驗的現象學考察---以青少年桌球國手選拔賽為例

Abstract

當選手參與重要比賽結束後，總會帶著比賽中獲得的身體感知回到日常生活，出現不同往昔的感受，這樣的感受，並非全然由參賽時與對手“比”賽而產生，亦可能是參賽歷程中存在著其他的參賽意義。本論文即針對研究者在參與重大賽事後，出現不同往昔感受的經歷，藉由人類學家Turner提出的中介理論及現象學的範疇勾畫，試圖將參賽歷程的本質勾畫出來，以了解研究者當時身處參賽情境的特殊樣貌，並藉此重新思考造成不同往昔感受的參賽意義。研究中，研究者對參賽情境進行多次的反思，從初次知覺到不同往昔感受時的反思，到中介理論檢視參賽歷程的反思，及最終以現象學範疇勾畫進行中介參賽經驗的反思，研究者在其中發現，選手們進入的參賽情境，並非僅是與他人競技能力較勁的情境，而是流動在同質平等卻具個別差異、交融卻抽離、轉換卻固定及模糊卻清晰等兩極特性的中介狀態時空中。因此，選手參加比賽的意義，並不只是名次勝負的結果論，而是具有張力且多元的意涵。此外，參賽歷程賦予選手最重要的意義，除了比賽成就外，應是提供一種自身反思的距離，因為這樣的距離出現，使得選手能夠重新思考自身的能力及位置，也獲得超越自我的機會。在研究者釐清欲研究的問題後，綜觀整個研究思緒，研究者察覺研究存在著另一層次反思的可能，因此，研究者在論文之末，提出本身在撰寫論文後的最後反思，以將研究者的思緒重新釐出一個新的次序。

After players participated in an important table tennis tournament, they usually return to the routine life with new physical perceptions. These perceptions are likely to be dissimilar to what they are used to and may not only caused by competition itself, but also possibly caused by other meanings from such events. This thesis is focusing on the researcher’s experience and feelings emerged from post-tournament. Using liminality theory by anthropologist Victor Turner and categorial articulation phenomenology, it attempts to sketch out the nature of tournament process and experience, and further to reevaluate the cause of discrepancies between the feelings of pre- and post-tournament. This study found that players enter tournament context, are not just athletic ability rivalry, but also for the flow of being equal yet different, being blended yet detached, being changed yet stabilized, and being blurry yet clear. Therefore, the significance of players participating in tournament is not just for the results of ranking, winning or losing, but with hidden tension and multiple meanings. In addition, the process of participation in tournament gives the players more than just outcome of winning or losing but also provide a self-reflective distance. Due to this distance players can rethink their capacity and location, but also access to opportunities beyond the self. After clarifying the liminality experience and looking at the thinking and logics behind it, the researcher realized that a possibility of another level of reflection does exist.