家長人口學變項、近視防治行為與學童近視之關聯性研究-以新北市某國小為例

Abstract

近年來台灣學童近視率逐年攀升，過去少有家長人口學變項、近視防治行為與學童近視之相關研究，因此本研究之目的為 (1) 調查國小學童近視之現况。(2) 瞭解家長人口學變項與學童近視之關聯性。(3) 探討家長近視防治行為與學童近視之關聯性。 本研究以新北市某國小三、四年級的家長為研究對象，於2019年5 月至7月間利用問卷調查，共取得229份有效樣本，並以描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立性樣本T檢定、二元邏輯斯迴歸進行統計分析數據。 研究結果發現: 一、學童有近視者佔46.7%，沒有近視佔53.3%。 二、長人口學變項「性別」，女性族群的學童近視風險勝算比是男性族群的0.49倍(95%CI=0.26-0.91);「母親近視與否」變項，母親沒近視的近視風險勝算比是母親有近視的0.25倍(95%CI=0.26-0.91)。 三、家長較常「提醒孩子，看電視或閱讀書籍時，不可躺著或趴者，以避免眼睛疲勞」以及「會要求孩子，讀書寫字應保持正確姿勢」，其小孩有較高的近視風險。 本研究結果顯示，母親近視與學童的近視風險有正向的關聯性；然而，不同於本研究之假設，家長較常進行近視防治行為似乎也與學童近視風險具有正相關，因此，未來研究需要更進一步的確認家長近視防治行為與學童近視之間的因果關係。

In recent years, the prevalence of myopia problem is increasing among school children. Limited studies have examined the associations of parental demographic factors and myopia-preventive behavior with school children's myopia Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to (1) to describe the prevalence of myopia among the school students. (2) to examine the associations between parental demographic variables and school students’ myopia. (3) to investigate the relationship between parental myopia-preventive behavior and children’s myopia. Subjects of the study were the parents whose children were in the middle grade in a public elementary school in New Taipei City. A total of 229 valid questionnaires collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent T test, and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. The results are showed as below: (1)The results showed that there were 46.7% of the students had myopia in our smaple. (2)Among these school students, the female were less likely to have myopia (OR=0.49) than male. Moreover, the children whose mother without myopia were less likely to have myopia (OR=0.25) compared with the mother with myopia. (3)The parents who were more often to remind「their kids not to lie down when they’re watching TV or reading.」or ask「 their kids to have good posture when they’re writing」is related to higher odds of their children’s myopia.

Our results showed that mother’s myopia is positively related to children’s myopia. However, parental myopia-preventive behaviors seem to be positively associated with children’s myopia. Future studies are needed to further confirm the causal relationship between parental myopia-preventive behaviors and their children’s myopia.