計畫行為理論應用於老人預防跌倒行為意圖之研究

Abstract

本研究運用1991年Ajzen所提出的計畫行為理論做為研究架構，目的為預測及解釋老人從事預防跌倒行為之意圖。參與者為台北市士林區老人服務中心附設長青大學九十七學年度下學期（第七屆）之60歲以上學員，共105位。本研究使用研究工具包含開放性引導式問卷，以及依據開放式引導式問卷填答結果，篩選出前70%顯著信念編製而成的結構式問卷。問卷調查所得資料以皮爾森積差相關、單因子變異數分析、階層複迴歸、單因子多變量變異數分析中的Htelling’s T2進行分析。研究結果如下： 一、本研究對象未來半年內從事預防跌倒行為之意圖者佔77.1%。 二、本研究對象從事預防跌倒行為的態度、主觀規範可有效解釋預防跌倒行為意圖22.7%的變異量，加入知覺行為控制變項之後，模式的整體增加了17.3%的解釋力，對預防跌倒行為意圖之解釋力上升為40.0%的變異量。三個變項之中以知覺行為控制的影響力最高，其次為主觀規範，態度最低。 三、態度與行為信念、結果評價的交乘積和；主觀規範與規範信念、依從動機的交乘積和以及知覺行為控制與控制信念、知覺力量的交乘積和間皆達到中度正相關。 四、有/無意圖從事預防跌倒行為者在結果信念、結果評價、規範信念、控制信念和知覺力量等信念上有顯著的差異。 計畫行為理論探討預防跌倒行為意圖的結果，建議未來在老人預防跌倒行為教育時，可強調從事預防跌倒行為幫助老人日常生活行動更小心的重要性並設計增加同儕支持的部分，以增加其從事預防跌倒行為的動機。

The purpose of this study was to predict and explain the elders’ intention of prevent falls behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provided the framework for the study. Participants were 105 more than 60-years-old person in Shi Lin Community of college in Taipei City. This research use two kinds of research tools, one is open-ended elicitation, and the other is close-format questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation, one-way ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression, multiple regression, and Hotelling’s T2. There are four major finding as the follow: 1. A round 77.1% of respondents showed the positive behavioral intention to prevent falls in next half year. 2. The attitude and subjective norm explained 22.7% of variance of the intention of prevents falls behavior; the perceived behavior control added 17.3% explanation power. Thus, the explanation power of these three variables accounted for 40.0%. 3. The attitude of respondents toward intention to prevents falls behavior was moderately positive related to the product of behavioral beliefs multiplied by evaluations of outcome (Bi* Ei). The subjective norm of respondents’ intention to prevents falls behavior was moderately positive related to the product of normative beliefs multiplied by motivations to comply (NBj* MCj). The perceived behavior control or respondents’ intention to prevents falls behavior was also moderately positive related to the control beliefs multiplied by perceived power (ΣCi*Pi). 4. There were significant differences between respondents with the intention of prevent falls behavior and respondents without the intention of prevent falls behavior in behavior beliefs, outcome evaluation, normative beliefs, control beliefs, and perceived power. The suggestion when old person will prevent in the future will tumble the behavior education, may stress that will be engaged in the prevention to tumble the behavior to help old person the daily life to move a more careful importance. And designs increases the part which the associates will support, will increase it to be engaged in the prevention to tumble the behavior motive.