唱自己的歌：1970年代後台灣與馬來西亞客家流行歌曲發展比較

Abstract

1970年代是華語、粵語流行音樂發展的關鍵時期，又稱之為「唱自己的歌」的年代。台灣客家音樂，受當代「民歌運動」、「粵語歌曲興起」啟蒙，以及「1988還我母語運動」之影響，開啟了近代台灣客家流行歌曲創作之風氣。而馬來西亞客家音樂，受當時香港流行文化、粵語歌曲興起之影響，開始了馬來西亞客家流行歌曲發展歷史。

本文回顧客家流行歌曲之發展過程，以《無緣》與《巴刹風光》兩張唱片為研究起點，進行台灣、馬來西亞四十年來客家唱片之比較。1970年代後是台灣客家流行音樂的轉類點（1981年），卻是馬來西亞客家流行音樂的起始點（1977年）。雖然台馬兩地客家音樂均受當代華人音樂之影響，但客家歌曲內容表現及音樂風格，走向截然不同的路線。台灣強調文化傳承，傳統與創新並進，而馬來西亞缺少傳統元素，以當代熱門流行曲翻唱為主，但兩地唯一共通點是音樂內容受當地社會環境影響。如今台灣客家流行音樂正蓬勃發展，唱片數量為全球之冠，但馬來西亞客家流行音樂現況早已不復當年，斷層十分嚴重。

台灣與馬來西亞客家音樂曾經在1990年代有過交流合作，但時期不久。如今在台灣政府新南向政策鼓勵下，台灣與馬來西亞客家文化交流頻繁，更拜網路社群所賜，讓兩地音樂人有機會跨國交流，也預告了未來客家音樂跨國合作的新趨勢。The 1970s was a crucial period in the development of Chinese and Cantonese pop music, and it was also called the era of "singing your own songs." Hakka music in Taiwan, inspired by the contemporary "popular music movement", "the rise of Cantonese songs" and "1988 Revive My Native Language movement", initiate the creation of modern Hakka popular songs in Taiwan.On the other hand,Hakka music in Malaysia,influenced by the rise of Hong Kong pop culture and songs at the same time, began to develop popular Hakka songs in Malaysia.

This article focuses on the development process of the popular songs of customers, taking the two albums of "No Favor" and "Pasar Scenery" as the starting point for research, and compares the Hakka records of Taiwan and Malaysia over four decades. After the 1970s, it was the turning point of Taiwanese Hakka pop music （1981）, but it was the starting point of Malaysian Hakka pop music （1977）. Although the Hakka music in both Taiwan and Malaysia is influenced by contemporary Chinese music, the performance of the Hakka songs and the musical style are moving towards a completely different direction. Taiwan emphasizes cultural heritage, tradition and innovation, while Malaysia lacks traditional elements and focuses on contemporary popular pop songs, but the only common point between the two is that music content is influenced by the local social environment. Today, Taiwan Hakka pop music is booming, and the number of records is the highest in the world. However, the current situation of Hakka pop music in Malaysia is not as it used to be , and it's serious..

Taiwan and Malaysia Hakka music once had short-term exchanges and cooperation in the 1990s. Taiwan government is encourging new southward policy, Taiwan and Malaysia Hakka culture exchanges are frequent, and thanks to the online community, musicians have the opportunity to exchange internationally, and also predict the new trend of future Hakka music cross-border cooperation.