臺灣與大陸國初中音樂教科書之創作內容分析比較

Abstract

本研究旨在分析、比較臺灣與大陸兩岸國初中音樂教科書之音樂創作內容。研究者採內容分析法，以臺灣康軒、翰林版國中藝術與人文教科書，與大陸人民音樂、人民教育版音樂教科書作為研究對象，每個版本各6冊，共計二十四冊。以文獻內容發展而成之「兩岸音樂教科書之音樂創作內容類目表」作為研究之工具，將其分成「音樂創作內容次數與所占比例、音樂創作內容所反映之音樂元素次數與比例、音樂創作內容所運用之創作媒介次數與比例」等三個主類目，並以此發展出其他對應的次類目對研究對象進行分析、比較。依據分析之結果與發現，本研究有以下結論： 臺灣與大陸四個版本國初中音樂教科書中音樂創作內容次數與所占比例均甚低，大陸人音版音樂創作內容出現次數與所占比例相對最高。音樂創作內容所反映之音樂元素項目次數與比例方面，臺灣康軒版以節奏與曲調元素並列最高，臺灣翰林版以曲調元素最高；大陸人音版以節奏元素最高，人教版以曲調元素最高。所運用之音樂創作媒介，在兩岸四個版本音樂創作內容中，皆以記譜為最多。臺灣兩個版本在運用肢體創作比例方面相對最低；大陸人音版以運用數位創作比例相對最低，人教版以運用圖形/音畫及肢體創作比例相對最低。 最後，研究者依據研究結果，提出建議，以提供教育行政單位、教科書編輯者、音樂教學者以及後續研究者之參考。

This study aimed to analyze and compare the musical creativity contents in junior high school textbooks of Taiwan and Mainland China. Using the content analysis method, the researcher investigated the Kanhsuan, Hanlin Arts and Humanities textbook versions in Taiwan and the People's Music Publishing House, People's Education Press Music textbook versions in Mainland China. With six volumes per version, there were 24 volumes involved as study subjects. Based upon literature review, a self-developed content analysis table was utilized as the research instrument, in which the frequencies and percentages of musical creativity contents, music elements exemplified and creation medium consisted of the main analysis categories. The secondary analysis categories were developed hereby. According to the research findings, the following conclusions were drawn: The frequencies and percentages of musical creativity contents in the four textbook series were all very small; among them, the People's Music Publishing House took a relatively large proportion. As to the category of music elements exemplified in music creativity-related textbook sessions, Kanhsuan topped others in rhythm and melody ; Hanlin included most creation activities in melody; People's Music Publishing House covered mostly in rhythm-related content; People's Education Press dealt mostly with the music element of rhythm. When it comes to the creation medium incorporated, the conventional music notation occupied most of the space in all four versions; the two Taiwan versions least utilized the medium of body creation; People's Music Publishing House least implemented the digital medium; People's Education Press least involved iconic/music mapping or body creation. The researcher proposed suggestions for references to educational administrators and institutes, to textbook publishers, to music instructors as well as to future researchers.