2004 年至 2015 年臺灣進口兒童圖畫書插畫風格演變與美感特色研究

Abstract

圖畫書除了有助於提升讀者的觀察力與閱讀力，圖面的呈現也會影響兒童對於美感的培養。曹俊彥（1997）讓兒童在成長中接觸精美的插畫作品，可以漸漸培育兒童的美感。臺灣市面上的圖畫書有相當高比例仰賴國外進口，進口圖畫書的多元形式也因此漸漸影響臺灣圖畫書呈現樣貌。本研究將2004年至2015年臺灣進口兒童圖畫書2599本依照圖畫書繪者國籍比例進行四分之一系統化的分層抽樣，蒐集出650本圖畫書進行分析，並將抽樣的樣本以「整體直觀法」，進行風格分析與屬性特色探討，探究其數據代表的意涵與風格變化的趨勢。依照伊彬2015之風格分類方式將樣本分為15大項37小項，研究結果以各風格、進口大國、臺灣與原出版年、與既有研究臺灣樣本比較等面向，做全面性的數據分析與趨勢探究，經由研究結果與結論探討歸納出：一、「風格變化趨勢」中歸納出五項整體趨勢變化：（1）傳統媒材的創新與結合科技多媒材的創作，許多圖畫書畫面開始增加電腦渲染、電腦繪圖的技法，並適時將傳統媒材融合科技多媒材進行創作。（2）平面設計人才的跨足，多元藝術背景加入圖畫書創作，發現許多創作者的多元背景，使圖畫書創作更具創意且獨具特色。（3）影視、動畫卡通與圖畫書的連結性增強，且具有商業化、品牌化行銷的整體趨勢。（4）細膩寫實的成人化表現與兒童化視角構圖趨勢極端化，兩種風格表現手法對比，且比例都有上升的趨勢。（5）「抒寫」、「溫甜」風格清新插畫的綻放，發現在本研究樣本中有相當多此二類風格的出現，且占據進口五大國相當高的比例。二、「各國特點觀察」中整理出五項特色：（1）歐美圖畫書商業化與品牌化呈現。（2）歐洲圖畫書的浪漫氛圍與情境創造。（3）日本「漫畫」風格的集中化趨勢，與「童趣」、「怪趣」的豐富。（4）韓國的多變風格與轉化創新，善於學習他國技法，並融合成自我特色。（5）中國與鄰近國家的相近特色展現。三、臺灣與原出版年的時代趨勢。四、「與既有研究臺灣樣本差異觀察」中統整出四項特點：（1）相近地緣的文化影響，發現亞洲地區各風格的交互影響。（2）成人化或兒童化的氣氛營造，兩者比例皆呈上升趨勢。（3）特色化、偶像化的品牌識別，具有強烈商業行銷手法。（4）各風格視覺記憶點。藉由國內外的比對，全面性的觀察臺灣進口圖畫書的風格脈絡與趨勢。The presentation of pictures can not only help children enhance observation and reading ability, but also affect their aesthetic cultivation. According to Cao Jun-Yan (1997), reading picture books benefits kids on their aesthetic sense because the themes of children's picture books are suitable for building children’s reading and comprehension ability, and the illustrations include a variety of styles. A large proportion of the picture books in Taiwan’s book market relies on imports, and the diversified forms of imported picture books have gradually affected the appearance of Taiwan’s picture books. This study collected imported children's picture books from 2004 to 2015, with a total of 2599. These books were selected using “Stratified quarter-systematicsampling method” according to the ratio of painters’ nationality. From the samples, 650 picture books were selected to be analyzed through the “Overall direct-vision method” to explore the characteristics of style analysis and attributes, which led to further analysis of data’s meaning, and the trend of style changes. According to I Bin's 2015 style classification, the sample is divided into 15 major items and 37 sub-items. The results of the study are summarized by comprehensive data analysis and trend analysis of various styles’ comparison, import countries, Taiwan and the original publishing year, and Taiwan’s samples. The results suggested the following conclusions: Firstly, for “trend of style changes,” (1) the innovation of traditional media and the creation that combined multi-media technology. (2) graphic design talents’ stepping-in and picture books created by artists from different artistic backgrounds; (3) the strengthened connection between film, animated cartoons, and picture books; (4) the trend of exquisite and realistic adult-oriented expression and the extreme child-oriented perspective composition; (5) the blossom of"realistic yet lyrical" and "sweet" illustration styles. Secondly, for the “observation of various countries’ characteristics,”: (1) commercialization and branding of European and American picture books; (2) romantic atmosphere and situational creation of European picture books; (3) centralization trend of Japanese comic style; (4) changeable style and transformational innovation in South Korea; (5) the similar characteristics of China and neighboring countries. Thirdly, for “trends of the timesin Taiwan and the original year of publication.” Lastly, for the“observation of differences with Taiwan's old structure,” (1) cultural influences of neighboring regions; (2) adult or child-oriented atmosphere creation; (3) characteristic and idolized brand recognition; (4) memorable parts for each style. In short, by comparing domestic and foreign situations, we thoroughly observe the style and trend of Taiwan’s imported picture books.