國中生活科技競賽優勝隊伍關鍵成功因素之探究

Abstract

80／20法則指出大多數(約80%)的影響是由少數(約20%)事件造成，最足以影響成功的少數因素即關鍵成功因素。本研究目的在探究國中生活科技競賽優勝隊伍的關鍵成功因素，供未來生活科技競賽參賽隊伍參考並且應用在生活科技的相關教學中。透過訪談方式了解優勝隊伍在組隊、訓練和競賽三個階段的關鍵成功因素。訪談對象以參加2015學年度獲得台北市生活科技競賽、新北市生活科技競賽以及全國生活科技競賽優勝成績之11位帶隊老師以及12名參賽學生。結果發現關鍵成功因素如下：（1）在組隊階段，學校行政上對隊伍有所支持，應提早組隊以進行成員磨合以達成團隊合作，由老師挑選參賽學生，成員選拔時需了解學生實作能力，並且也需注重學生之間默契。（2）在訓練階段，需多訓練學生在工具上的使用，需有充足的訓練時間讓學生可多次練習不同變因與作品製作，需多讓學生思考以培養解決問題能力，和舉辦模擬賽讓學生習慣比賽氣氛並改善問題。（3）在競賽階段，需進行正向心情建設，快速製作作品，能在現場多做測試，和在競賽現場有好的臨場反應。

The 80/20 rule states that most (about 80%) of the impacts are caused by a few (about 20%) events, The few factors most influencing success are the key success factors (KSFs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the KSFs in junior high school living technology contests. The results would be beneficial to the future teams participating in living technology contests and can be applied to the instruction of living technology. Through interviews, the KSFs of winning teams in the three stages─teaming, training and compe-tition-were examined. The interviewees of the study were the 11 teachers and 12 students who won awards in the following three living technology con-tests held in the 2015 academic year: Taipei City, New Taipei City and na-tion-wide. Consequently, the following KSFs are drawn: (1) In the teaming stage, the school should support the teams. The team should be built earlier to guarantee better cohesion and teamworkship. Students should be selected by teachers. Based on their hands-on skills. (2) In training stage, the students should be well-trained in the applications of tools. The teams should have enough training time to practice different variables and make projects. Stu-dents should also enhance their problem solving skills through simulated contests. (3) In competition stage, the teachers should appropriately encour-age their students. The students should finish their projects as soon as possi-ble so that they have time to double check their projects in the contest.