氫燃料電池車關鍵領域的發展趨勢—以專利分析法探討

Abstract

歐洲聯盟（European Union，簡稱 EU）於 2023 年經由投票後，正式通過「2035 年歐洲新售燃油轎車和小貨車零排放協議 (Zero Emissions from New Cars and Vans by 2035)」，規劃自 2035 年開始，將會全面停止製造和販售新的燃油轎車和小貨車。協議發布後，各國的汽車製造商開始陸續投入新能源車的開發，並以純電動車作為主流。然而，純電動車本身卻擁有許多仍無法克服的實際應用面問題和安全性隱憂。在純電動車的市場持續成長的同時，部分的汽車製造商也在著手於另一種新能源車――氫燃料電池車的研發，以及少量投入市場販售，並被部分專家和群眾視為更有可能有效替代傳統燃油車的新能源車。本文透過TIPO的全球專利檢索系統 (GPSS) 來檢索專利資料庫中的相關專利文獻，以氫燃料電池車的「車輛基礎架構」、「氫氣製備和填加技術」兩大評估構面作為研究主軸，根據其檢索結果進行歷年專利件數分析、國際專利分類碼分析、國家別分析、公司別分析及技術生命週期分析，間接分析氫燃料電池車的發展趨勢分析，並預測未來技術發展趨勢和方向。The European Union (EU) officially passed the"Zero Emissions from New Cars and Vans by 2035" agreement through a vote in 2023. According to this agreement, starting from 2035, the manufacturing and sale of new fuel-powered cars and vans will be completely stopped. Following the announcement of this agreement, automotive manufacturers in various countries have begun investing in the development of new energy vehicles, with a focus on pure electric vehicles as the mainstream option. However, electric vehicles themselves face practical application challenges and safety concerns that have yet to be fully overcome. While the market for electric vehicles continues to grow, some car manufacturers are also working on the development of another type of new energy vehicle - hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. These vehicles are being introduced into the market in small quantities and are considered by some experts and the public as a more viable alternative to traditional fuel-powered vehicles.This article uses the Global Patent Search System (GPSS) provided by TIPO to retrieve relevant patent documents from the patent database. It focuses on two evaluation aspects of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles:" Vehicle Basic Chassis " and " Hydrogen Production and Refueling Technology". Based on the search results, the article conducts an analysis of the annual number of patents, international patent classification codes, analysis by country and company, and a technology life cycle analysis. This indirect analysis aims to analyze the development trends of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and predict future technological trends and directions.