小學合唱團指導教師教學實務之個案研究~以劉慧霞老師與鄭吟苓老師為例

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解小學合唱團指導教師之教學實務，透過訪談劉慧霞老師與鄭吟苓老師，瞭解她們的合唱教學理念與合唱教學方法。本研究採質性之個案研究法，以嵌入式的多重個案設計為分析單位。研究者以自編之半結構式訪談大綱，與兩位個案教師進行一對一訪談，同時，輔以相關文件資料分析，整理歸納以下研究結論： 一、劉老師認為小學合唱團指導教師需有扎實的音樂基礎知能，合唱團的教學應以培養學生綜合素養為重點。在進行招募團員時應多方面考量甄選渠道與學生特質，指導教師在合唱團中要營造良好的師生關係，並與學校行政做高度配合以使行政支援提供持久助益。 二、劉老師善於運用隱喻式描述向學生傳達健康優美的歌唱方式。在選曲時主要考量學生能力與活動實際情況等因素，運用音感遊戲與體態律動提升團員音樂基礎能力與呼吸技巧，並採整體視譜演唱的方式進行歌曲教唱。 三、鄭老師認為合唱指導教師應樹立多元合唱觀念，參加合唱團有益於培養學生的良好品行與提升自信。學生的音準能力以及家長支持是團員招募時的重要考量，與此同時，在團隊管理中對學生與家長應保有公平公正且真誠的態度。此外，學校的行政支援將有助於合唱團長期發展。 四、鄭老師善於把多樣的外文歌曲填上中文歌詞讓學生體驗不同的曲風。在教學時，運用母音發聲訓練與律動以加強氣息支持，並依據團員音樂經驗與音色特點進行聲部分配，在此基礎上透過視覺輔助與隱喻式描述提升團員歌唱表現水平。 最後根據研究結論，對合唱團指導教師、學校行政單位、教育管理單位以及未來研究提出建議作為參考。

The purpose of this study was to understand the teaching practices of two primary school choir directors: Mrs. Huixia Liu from Yiwu and Mrs. Yinling Zheng from Taipei. The interview method was utilized in this qualitative case study to understand their choral teaching concepts and choral teaching methods. The embedded multiple case design was used as the analysis unit. The researcher conducted a one-on-one in-depth and semi-structured interview with two directors, and also analyzed the relevant documents. The major results of this study were as follows: 1. Mrs. Liu believed that the director of the elementary school choirs need to have solid knowledge of music. The choir teaching should focus on the cultivation of student’s comprehensive literacy. When recruiting members, the selection channels and student qualities should be considered in many ways. A good teacher-student relationship should be established in the group, and a high degree of coordination with the school administration should be established in order to get the lasting assistance and supports from administrators. 2. Mrs. Liu often used the metaphorical description to convey healthy and beautiful singing skills to the students. The abilities of the students and the purpose of the activities were the important considerations of repertoire selection. She also used music games and body movement to improve the students' basic music abilities and breathing skills, and utilized the sight-singing method to teach songs. 3. Mrs. Zheng believed that the director should establish the students’ various concepts of choir, such as participating choir could cultivate good behaviors and enhance self-confidence. When recruiting members, the student's intonation and parental support were important considerations. The director should have a fair and sincere attitude to all students and parents. The supports from school administration could help the long-term development of the choir. 4. Mrs. Zheng often selected foreign choral songs but filled with Chinese lyrics to provide students diverse repertoires. She used vowel vocal exercises and body movement to strengthen the students’ breath support skills. The students’ music experiences and tone qualities were the basis of the arrangement of vocal parts. The visual assistance and metaphorical description were applied to elevate students’ performance level. Finally, according to the conclusion of the study, suggestions are put forward for the chorus instructors, school administrative units, education management units and future research.