元智大學社團評鑑制度及社員參與滿意度之研究
Abstract
本研究旨在探討元智大學社團評鑑制度與社員參與滿意度之相關因素研究,以行動研究方式,藉個案學校縱貫三年的實施方案及有效問卷追蹤資料分析,探討學生參與社團滿意度的相關因素,並根據研究結果,修正為新式改良型ERG 問卷,作為未來滿意度施測時所用;同時將行動與研究相互融合,探討社團評鑑制度之適切性,以及其影響學生權利與義務等相關議題,以避免研究發現與實務應用脫節的遺憾,進而幫助個案學校瞭解社團運作特質,提出有效建議及方案,促使社團實務運作改變,以提昇輔導社團運作的功能。
本研究結果發現:
一、在社員滿意度方面:
(一)九十學年至九十二學年社員對社團整體滿意度是逐年提高,表示社團整體經營之滿意度是愈來愈好。
(二)不同學年在社員滿意度各面向上,均有顯著差異,且以「社員面向」滿意度最高、「組織面向」滿意度最低。應對ERG 理論三個不同之層次(生存—關係—成長)與社員需求之層次(社員—工作—組織—制度),可發現社員面向應屬於基本需求層次,亦最容易被滿足,而組織面向包含領導、社團文化與形象則屬於較高之層次,因此也愈難被滿足。
(三)六種不同類型社團於九十學年至九十二學年之社員在「社員面向」的滿意程度均較其他面向為高;且「組織面向」的滿意程度最低;唯服務性社團九十二學年之社員在「工作面向」的滿意程度最高。
(四)不同性別在社員滿意度各面向上,均有顯著差異,且九十學年至九十一學年以女性滿意度較高,九十二學年以男性較高。
(五)九十學年滿意度各面向均有顯著相關;社員出席率與滿意度各面向亦呈顯著相關;亦即社員出席率愈高,則社員滿意度愈高或社員滿意度愈高則社員出席率愈高;校內外募款金額與滿意度之工作面向、組織面向、制度面向有顯著相關,與出席率無顯著相關;校內課外組補助金額與滿意度之工作面向、組織面向、制度面向有顯著相關,與出席率無顯著相關。
(六)九十一學年滿意度各面向均有顯著相關;社員出席率、校內外募款金額與滿意度各面向亦呈顯著相關;校內外募款金額與出席率亦呈顯著相關;校內課外組補助金額與滿意度之制度面向有顯著相關,與其他均無顯著相關。
(七)九十二學年滿意度各面向均有顯著相關;社員出席率與滿意度各面向亦呈顯著相關;校內外募款金額、校內課外組補助金額與滿意度之各面向及出席率均無顯著相關。
(八)九十學年、九十一學年整體社員滿意度上,以「社員面向」之題項排序最高:題項內容為再次參與社團之意願,表示社團在向心力上獲得大多數社員的肯定;排序第二和第三為「制度面向」,可以瞭解社員在社團的學習與成長及增加技能方面獲得大多數社員肯定;在較不滿意的題項上,為「組織面向」上之瞭解社團未來方向與社員溝通方面。
(九)九十二學年整體社員滿意度上,以「制度面向」之題項排序最高:依題項內容可瞭解「學習成長」是社員最重視且滿意的項目;在九十二學年前五名題項,還有與前兩年不同的「社員面向」,可以瞭解九十二學年社員重視「社團氣氛」;在較不滿意的題項上,與九十學年九十一學年相同,為「組織面向」上之瞭解社團未來方向與社員溝通方面。
(十)依前述滿意度研究結果,修改為九十三學年滿意度問卷,並經九十七位社員預測完成,以符合效度信度要求,並於九十三學年確實採用。
二、在社團評鑑制度上:
(一)對學校社團評鑑制度超過半數覺得適宜。
(二)依焦點團體座談瞭解本校評鑑方式符合Dunkel& Schuh (1998) 歸納成功的組織評鑑標準細項標準。
(三)對社團評鑑制度三大項配分,社員滿意度部分比例調高,資源掌控與書面審查部份比例調低。實因社團幹部重視社員的實際感受,並希望增加社員參與,且這部分也是社團幹部可以多爭取分數的項目;資源掌控分數比例部分,則由於資源掌控的金額多寡與社員直接分享到的福利或活動經費並不成等號,再加上社團幹部反應課業、時間等壓力,因此80%的社團建議可以降低比例;而書面審查部份亦可能流於形式,因此建議降低比例的社團也超過60%。
(四)社團評鑑制度內容評分配置,依問卷調查結果瞭解學生實際需求,除原有三大項配分建議修正為社員滿意度提高成45%,資源掌控與書面審查則分別減少為各佔20%與25%;另依焦點團體座談分析結果,則增列專案計畫成效一項佔10%。
(五)社團評鑑與學生權益之關係:社團評鑑最後成績,影響社團補助經費、評鑑獎金、社辦分配、獎章數量、學生五育系統登錄、推薦參加教育部全國大專社團評鑑觀摩賽資格,大多數社團代表均認為此部份符合學生的社團運作適宜程度。唯在社團評鑑為丁等的社團,社團負責人及相關幹部予以適當處分的適宜程度,大多數社團代表認為這些影響社團權益的方式,均認為「不適宜至普通」之間。
The objective of this research is aimed to investigate the evaluation system of club activity at Yuan Ze University. There are three components in the current evaluation system, document management, the ability of solicit funding and the survey results of student satisfaction. A questionnaire is developed and almost one hundred club members are surveyed. These data are then analyzed and complemented with the outcome from a focused group to measure the appropriateness of the current system. Discussions on research findings and suggestions for future implementation are provided in the thesis. Since one of the major elements in the evaluation system is student’s involving satisfaction, we also try to explore the relationship between student’s satisfaction and background factors, involving factors and the ability of solicit funding. The background factors include genders, types of club activity and school years. The involving factor is the rate of participating club activity and the funding includes the financial support within the school, as well as from the general public. Almost twenty-five hundreds data were collected from year 2001 to 2004 and then analyzed with Pearson’s correlation. It is found that the student’s involving satisfaction has correlation with gender, type of club activity and the rate of participating club activity, however, the ability of solicit funding has no effects on student’s satisfaction. Based on these findings and combined with ERG theory and Dunkel& Schuh’s evaluation criteria, a new kind of questionnaire of student’s satisfaction is developed for future study.
The objective of this research is aimed to investigate the evaluation system of club activity at Yuan Ze University. There are three components in the current evaluation system, document management, the ability of solicit funding and the survey results of student satisfaction. A questionnaire is developed and almost one hundred club members are surveyed. These data are then analyzed and complemented with the outcome from a focused group to measure the appropriateness of the current system. Discussions on research findings and suggestions for future implementation are provided in the thesis. Since one of the major elements in the evaluation system is student’s involving satisfaction, we also try to explore the relationship between student’s satisfaction and background factors, involving factors and the ability of solicit funding. The background factors include genders, types of club activity and school years. The involving factor is the rate of participating club activity and the funding includes the financial support within the school, as well as from the general public. Almost twenty-five hundreds data were collected from year 2001 to 2004 and then analyzed with Pearson’s correlation. It is found that the student’s involving satisfaction has correlation with gender, type of club activity and the rate of participating club activity, however, the ability of solicit funding has no effects on student’s satisfaction. Based on these findings and combined with ERG theory and Dunkel& Schuh’s evaluation criteria, a new kind of questionnaire of student’s satisfaction is developed for future study.
Description
Keywords
社團評鑑, 滿意度, ERG 理論, Club evaluation system, student’s satisfaction, ERG theory