青少年戒菸教育課程介入成效之探討-以台北市某公立高職學生為對象

Abstract

中文摘要

本研究的主要目的在以跨理論模式為依據，發展一套適用於青少年的「戒菸課程」，並探討「戒菸課程」的實施對青少年在菸害知識、一氧化碳值、尼古丁依賴程度、日吸菸量、拒菸技巧以及跨理論模式中的行為改變階段、改變方法、決定平衡及自我效能的影響成效和課程的滿意度。本研究採準實驗研究設計，於九十二學年度下學期以台北市某公立高級職業學校一、二年級吸菸學生共13位為實驗組，鄰近學區的某公立高職一、二年級吸菸學生12位為對照組。實驗組提供七週共十四小時的戒菸課程，並於課程期間由輔導員與學生進行一次個別戒菸輔導，對照組則不提供任何介入。 「戒菸課程」介入前後，實驗組與對照組皆實施前後測。研究資料以SAS 8.0視窗版套裝軟體進行資料分析，描述性統計以次數分配、百分比、平均值、標準差等加以分析，推論性統計以卡方檢定、t-test、單因子共變數分析進行。 本研究的主要發現： 一、戒菸課程的實施，能顯著增加實驗組學生之「菸害知識」與「拒絕技巧」。 二、戒菸課程的實施，能降低實驗組學生之一氧化碳值、減少對尼古丁依賴程度。 三、戒菸課程的實施，能顯著增加實驗組學生的「整體戒菸改變過程」與「行動面向戒菸改變過程」的經驗。 四、戒菸課程的實施，能顯著提昇實驗組學生的「負向情境拒菸自我效能」與「正向情境拒菸自我效能」。 五、研究對象對戒菸課程的教學內容表示有幫助且喜歡，講師與小組輔導老師的教學都獲得學生認同，對課程進行方式有正向的評價。 本研究的結果可提供青少年戒菸課程之參考。未來研究者可在本研究基礎下，進一步以嚴謹的縱貫性研究與多元評量方法進行實驗，以探討其適用性與成效。

關鍵字：戒菸課程、跨理論模式、青少年、高職學生

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a smoking cessation program for the adolescents by applying Transtheoretical Model (TTM). The research focused on decreasing the level of carbon monoxide (CO), the score of Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the amount of smoking per day, improving smoking knowledge, the skills of cessation, TTM-related variables such as the stage of change, processes of change, decisional balance for smoking cessation, and enhancing self-efficacy for resisting smoking pressure. A quasi-experimental design was used in the study. The subjects of this study were consist of 25 smoking students from two vocational schools. The intervention for the experimental group included 7 weeks of 14 hours structured courses and counseling. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups were assessed by the questionnaires before and after the intervention. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, percentage, paired t-test, and one-way ANCOVA were used to analyze the data by using SAS 8.0 for Windows.

The main results found in this study were as follows: 1. The smoking cessation program could significantly increase the knowledge of tobacco hazards and the skill of cessation among the experimental group students. 2. The smoking cessation program could significantly decrease the level of carbon monoxide (CO) and the score of Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence among the experimental group students. 3. The smoking cessation program could significantly enhance the experience of Processes of Change among the experimental group students. 4. The smoking cessation program could significantly enhance the self-efficacy of cessation in negative and positive situations among the experimental group students. 5. Most subjects who received the interventions felt these activies were interesting, useful, and helpful. Based on the results, this study suggest that the program design of smoking cessation could be the basis of other smoking cessation program among adolescences.

Key words: smoking cessation program, Transtheoretical Model, adolescent, students from the vocational school