臺灣青少年憂鬱情緒與偏差行為之縱貫性研究

Abstract

目前多數研究通常將青少年憂鬱情緒與偏差行為分開檢測，且多為橫斷面研究。本研究旨在探討青少年國一至高三階段，憂鬱情緒與偏差行為的關聯性及發展變化，並細究男女的差異性。本研究採用縱貫性調查，以臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel Survey, TEPS）之2001年、2003 年、2005 年及2007 年國高中職學生資料，四個時間點的重覆測量資料，共計3,506 位固定樣本追蹤資料，以交叉延宕模型（Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Model, ARCL）及潛在成長曲線模型（Latent Growth Curve Model, LGCM）進行資料分析。研究結果發現：（1）青少年憂鬱情緒與偏差行為好發於國三時期。整體來看，國三階段為憂鬱情緒與偏差行為出現的高峰轉折點；（2）從性別差異來看，國一至高三期間，女學生憂鬱情緒明顯高於男學生，男學生偏差行為明顯高於女學生；（3）憂鬱情緒與偏差行為起始狀態具有顯著相關；（4）憂鬱情緒與偏差行為存在相互影響效果，男女生具有不同的發展路徑。文末，根據研究結果進行討論與建議。

Many studies have explored adolescent depressive mood and deviant behavior separately, and much of this research is cross-sectional. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between depressive mood and deviant behavior, developmental changes, and gender differences in adolescents from 7th to 12th grade. Using a longitudinal approach, panel sample data were collected from 3,506 junior and senior high school students with the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) in four waves in 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2007. Data analysis was performed using the autoregressive cross-lagged model (ARCL) and the latent growth curve model (LGCM). Results showed the following: (1) Depressive mood and deviant behavior generally occur during ninth grade. Ninth grade is a critical turning point in adolescent development that often leads to depressive mood or deviant behavior. (2) Regarding differences in gender, girls experience a higher magnitude of depressive mood, and boys exhibit a higher magnitude of deviant behavior. (3) The correlation between the initial status of depressive mood and the initial status of deviant behavior was positive. (4) The cross-lagged effect of depressive mood on subsequent deviant behavior is significant, and the cross-lagged effect of deviant behavior on subsequent depressive mood is also significant, with boys and girls following significantly different paths when developing depressive mood and deviant behavior. Further suggestions are also presented based on the study results.