大型賣場避難誘導指標之設計創作研究

Abstract

本研究以大型賣場為研究對象，並以賣場內的避難指標視認性以及避難動線為主要研究目標，提取出影響指標引導功能、避難行動等阻礙因素進行綜合分析，作為設計創作基礎架構。研究方法分別使用案例分析法、問卷調查法與半結構性訪談法，從實地勘察案例賣場蒐集數據，歸納出可能影響避難行動的因素；接著探索消費者在大型賣場內的尋路行為及避難逃生認知，作為後續設計創作基礎；在完成創作後邀請特定背景的專家及賣場業者進行訪談，並討論設計創作結果的實際應用與效益評估，作為創作結果驗證。 研究結果發現，大型賣場所設置的避難指標會因設置位置與周圍環境設備干擾，而造成視認性與視閱角度不佳，賣場內的空間規劃、動線安排也未考量當人員遭遇緊急情況時，可能會採取的避難行為特性。因此發生火災，濃煙快速瀰漫使賣場環境空間失去辨識性時，人員將因為能見度不足而迷失方位，而視認性不佳的避難指標與複雜的避難路徑，將增加人員避難行動的難度與時間損耗。 本研究創作嘗試設計輔助誘導指標解決上述情況，創作結果能為消費者預先建立避難路徑的認知地圖，強化避難路徑選擇方式，當進行緊行疏散時，亦能節省抬頭找尋避難方向指示燈或重新尋路的時間，爭取更多時間進行疏散，對於在時間壓力與恐慌心理下，這個設計是相對簡單快速、直覺，各年齡皆容易快速學習並使用。A well-planned way-finding system serves as a good guide and enhances public safety in case of emergency. When a fire breaks out and before the firefighters arrive, people who are in the hypermarket will need to evacuate to a safe place within the shortest time. Therefore, the emergency exit signs will provide the shortest distance for people to the safe place. The well-designed signs can divert crowded people to different escape paths and exits to avoid congestion, crowding, or trampling in emergency situations.This study reviews the literature of experts and scholars, summarizes and discusses theories on fire hazards, fire effects on the environment, human evacuations, and the wayfinding behaviors under time pressure. It also summarizes the current fire relevant codes and standards and the principles of way-finding design and plan. In addition, through the collection of actual cases, it is analyzed whether the arrangement of evacuation guides and spatial moving lines in the store effectively exerts its guiding and rapid evacuation functions. Consequently, this study extracts the obstructing factors affecting the visibility and legibility, guidance function, and refugee action for in-depth discussion. And through the way-finding system design and creation to develop suitable solutions of emergency evacuation.