論章法「多、二、一(0)」的核心結構

Abstract

章法與章法結構，是完全建立在「陰陽二元對待」的基礎之上的。而「陰陽二元對待」又是宇宙創生、含容萬物的根本規律。以這種規律來觀察宇宙創生、含容萬物的歷程，可以用「多」、「二」、「一（0）」的螺旋結構加以概括。因此章法也對應於此，形成這種結構：若從創作面看，形成的是「一（0）、二、多」的順向結構；若就鑑賞面看，形成的是「多、二、一（0）」的逆向結構。其中的「多」，主要是指各個輔助結構；「二」主要是指核心結構；「一（0）」是指一篇辭章之主旨與所形成之風格、韻律等。其中核心結構（「二」），因居於「陰陽二元對待」之樞紐地位，既可徹上歸於「一（0）」，又可徹下統合「多」（輔助結構），地位十分重要。本文即著眼於此，探討章法核心結構之形成、認定及其與美感之關係，以見核心結構在一篇辭章中的重要功能。

This paper argues that the organization of writing is constructed by means of a "binary confrontation" between masculine (yang) and feminine (yin) attributes. The yin-yang structure that underlies the universe is also the foundation of composition. The process of creation in nature as well as in a literary work can be generalized as a spiral structure; that is, it is a cyclic process of interaction between compliance and reversal. From the author's point of view, creation is subject to a compliant structure, i.e. "unitary (zero), binary and multiple." From the viewpoint of readers, appreciation is subject to a reverse structure; i.e. "multiple, binary, and unitary (zero)". The secondary structures are multiple; the core structure is binary. And the theme of a composition-which also determines the style and rhythm of a literary work-is unitary (zero). The core (binary) structure serves as center in the organization of a written essay. The binary confrontation between masculine (yang) and feminine (yin) attributes can be integrated upward into a "unitary (zero)" structure and also can branch downward into "multiple" (secondary) structures. This article then discusses the development definition and aesthetics of a core structure.