新住民生活適應與照顧輔導政策接受之關係研究

Abstract

內政部將新住民定義為:與國人結婚之外國人、無國籍人、大陸地區人民、香港或澳門居民及歸化取得我國國籍者之無戶籍國民，且在臺合法居留、定居或設有戶籍。過去研究顯示，新住民生活適應問題存在已久，而政府對生活適應的政策的制訂與執行也扮演著重要的角色，然而，作為福利輸送政策規劃的輔導政策，對於新住民而言，其接受態度與生活適應的相關仍尚未有實證研究去驗證。本研究旨在瞭解不同輔導政策是否能預測新住民政策有用性、政策易用性、政策價值、接受態度與生活適應之關係。以科技接受模式為研究模型的基礎，輔以政策有用性做為中介變項，主要研究問題有:一、新住民個人背景與對於不同輔導政策的有用性、政策易用性、政策價值、政策接受態度及生活適應情形為何？二、新住民對於不同輔導政策之有用性、政策易用性及政策的價值、政策接受態度與生活適應之間的關係為何？三、新住民對於知覺在不同輔導政策中，政策有用性對政策易用性與政策價值之間的中介效果是否顯著？本研究使用問卷調查法蒐集資料，研究對象為苗栗縣新住民，共回收200份問卷，扣除誤答及填寫不完全之問卷，實際採用175份有效問卷，年齡介於20-60歲之間之新住民女性。調查所得資料以結構方程模型（Structural Equation Modeling, SEM）中之Bootstrap統計方法進行中介模式分析。研究結果顯示，在不同的政策中：一、新住民對各項輔導政策的使用感受與接受態度皆為正向。二、輔導政策的易用性、有用性、政策價值及接受態度均有顯著相關，各項輔導措施的接受態度均可有效提升新住民的生活適應。三、五項輔導政策的有用性能有效中介易用性對政策價值的影響，此五項政策包括:生活適應輔導班、家庭服務中心、通譯服務、法律諮詢服務、與民間團體協會。四、本研究證實TAM科技模式亦可作為政策接受模式的應用。研究結果證實，若各政策能提升其有用性，將能提升新住民認可政策的價值，進而讓新住民的接受態度提升以促進生活適應。故本研究建議:相關政府部門應加強宣傳新住民認為有用的政策，以提升新住民認可政策的價值性、並強化接受態度；其次深入探究檢討新住民感覺易用、卻不一定有價值的政策，包括：生活適應輔導班、家庭服務中心、通譯服務、法律諮詢服務、與民間團體協會。本研究未來欲將研究場域擴大至直轄市或其他非直轄市的縣市，以及民間團體，可進一步了解場域、承辦單位、城鄉、族群等差異，亦會將個人背景作為政策易用性、有用性、價值性及接受態度的相關調節變項做為未來研究方向。相關建議亦可提供新住民政策制訂者、輔導者、成人教育教學之應用。The Ministry of the Interior defines new residents as: foreigners, stateless persons, residents from mainland China, Hong Kong, or Macau, and naturalized citizens who have married citizens of Taiwan and legally reside, settle, or have household registration in Taiwan. Past research has shown that new residents have long faced issues in adapting to life in Taiwan, and the government's formulation and implementation of policies for life adaptation play a crucial role. However, there has been no empirical research to verify the relationship between new residents' acceptance attitudes towards these supportive policies and their life adaptation. This study aims to understand whether different supportive policies can predict the relationships among new residents' perceived policy usefulness, policy ease of use, policy value, acceptance attitude, and life adaptation. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the foundational research model and incorporating policy usefulness as a mediating variable, the main research questions are:1.What are the personal backgrounds of new residents, and how do they perceive the usefulness, ease of use, value, acceptance attitudes, and life adaptation of different supportive policies?2.What are the relationships between the perceived usefulness, ease of use, policy value, acceptance attitudes, and life adaptation regarding different supportive policies for new residents?3.Is there a significant mediating effect of perceived policy usefulness on the relationship between policy ease of use and policy value in the context of different supportive policies?This study collects data using a questionnaire survey. The research subjects are new residents in Miaoli County, with a total of 200 valid questionnaires recovered. After excluding incorrect or incomplete responses, 175 valid questionnaires were used for analysis, involving new resident females aged between 20 and 60. The data were analyzed using the Bootstrap statistical method within Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the mediation model.The research findings indicate that:1.New residents have positive perceptions and attitudes towards the use of various supportive policies.2.There are significant correlations among the ease of use, usefulness, policy value, and acceptance attitudes of supportive policies. Acceptance attitudes towards various supportive measures can effectively enhance new residents' life adaptation. 3.The usefulness of the five supportive policies effectively mediates the impact of ease of use on policy value. These five policies include adaptation counseling classes, family service centers, interpretation services, legal consultation services, and collaboration with civil society organizations. 4.This study confirms that the TAM model can also be applied to the policy acceptance model. The research results demonstrate that enhancing the perceived usefulness of policies can improve new residents' recognition of policy value, thereby improving their acceptance attitudes and promoting life adaptation. Therefore, this study suggests that relevant government departments should strengthen the promotion of policies that new residents find useful to enhance the perceived value and acceptance attitude of these policies. Additionally, there should be an in-depth review of policies that new residents find easy to use but not necessarily valuable, including adaptation counseling classes, family service centers, interpretation services, legal consultation services, and collaboration with civil society organizations.Future research should expand the study scope to include municipalities and non-municipal counties and cities, as well as civil society organizations, to further understand the differences in fields, implementing agencies, urban and rural areas, and ethnic groups. Personal backgrounds will also be considered as moderating variables for policy ease of use, usefulness, value, and acceptance attitudes in future research. The related recommendations are provided for policymakers, counselors, and adult education instructors for application in new resident policies.