複合奈米齒輪油應用於電動機車之性能研究

Abstract

本研究將奈米氮化硼(BN)與奈米二氧化矽(SiO2)利用二階法混合原廠齒輪油製成複合奈米齒輪油(SBHNGO)， SBHNGO能兼具BN與 SiO2特性，提高原廠齒輪油磨潤性能。為瞭解添加SBHNGO是否能使原廠齒輪油性能提升，對SBHNGO進行五項基礎實驗與實車實驗。基礎實驗包括沉降、黏度、比熱、導熱及磨潤試驗；實車實驗包含電能消耗實驗、溫度測量實驗及爬坡能力實驗，分別測量其平均行駛公里、耗電量及溫度等數據。SBHNGO製備比例為2.05 wt.%、2.1 wt.%、2.2 wt.%、2.55 wt.%、2.6 wt.%及2.7 wt.%，基礎性質實驗結果顯示，黏度試驗中比原油上升73.26 %、比熱係數下降33.69 %、磨潤試驗耗損量改善35.05 %，實驗綜合評分得知2.6 wt.%為最佳SBHNGO濃度。實車實驗結果顯示，平路定速實驗的平均行駛距離提升4.14 %、爬坡定速實驗平均行駛距離提升1.02 %、平路變速實驗的總耗電量減少1.46 %及爬坡變速實驗總耗電量減少0.29 %。添加SBHNGO能有效地使馬達、齒輪箱、散熱水箱及電池組溫度下降。於爬坡試驗中能使實驗車速到達極速的時間縮減。在2°、4°及6°爬坡時，SBHNGO分別比原油快6 s、6 s及7 s到達極速。In this study, nano-boron nitride (BN) and nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) were mixed with the original gear oil by the two-step method to prepare SBHNGO. It was hoped that SBHNGO, having the characteristics contained in BN and SiO2, would perform better than the original gear oil. In order to know whether the using of SBHNGO could improve the performance of the original gear oil, five basic tests and real vehicle tests were conducted on SBHNGO. The basic tests included sedimentation, viscosity, specific heat, thermal conductivity and tribology tests; the real vehicle tests included power consumption test, temperature measurement test and gradeability test, andin each the average mileage, power consumption and temperature were measured. The concentrations in the preparation of SBHNGO were 2.05 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 2.2 wt.%, 2.55 wt.%, 2.6 wt.%, and 2.7 wt.%. The outcomes in the basic tests are as follows. The viscosity increased by 73.26 % compared with the original gear oil, the specific heat coefficient decreased by 33.69 %, and the loss in the tribology test decreased by 35.05 %. Comprehensively, the experiment showed that 2.6 wt.% was the best SBHNGO concentration.The outcomes of the real vehicle experiment are as follows. The average driving distance of the constant speed test on flat roads increased by 4.14 %, the average driving distance of the constant speed climbing test increased by 1.02 %, the total power consumption of the variable speed test on the flat roads reduced by 1.46 %, and the total consumption of the variable speed test on hills reduced by 0.29 %. In temperature measurement, using SBHNGO could effectively reduce the temperature of the motor, gearbox and battery pack. In the climbing test, using SBHNGO could shorten the time for the experimental vehicle to reach the extreme speed. When climbing at 2°, 4° and 6°, the experimental vchicle using SBHNGO could reach the extreme speed about 6 s, 6 s and 7 s faster than the one using the original gear oil respectively.