最重要的地板─國內籃球裁判執法歷程之探討

Abstract

本研究以深度訪談之方式，透過5位現役國際籃球裁判持續參與執法之經驗陳述，將其與研究者所蒐集之文獻進行對照剖析，以描繪國內籃球裁判投入執法之歷程，並了解其開始參與籃球比賽執法之動機、不同證照等級時所面對最大壓力挫折類型、因應壓力挫折因應方式，最後由目前參與執法動機做為主幹，對照研究架構之概念，以完整勾勒執法歷程。研究發現如下： 一、在國內籃球裁判的執法歷程中，其開始參與執法動機包括了重要他人、興趣、好奇心與物質需求等，而促使得以持續參與的主要動機在於執法的成就感，而成就感貫穿了整體執法歷程，也是國內籃球裁判得以持續參與執法的關鍵。另隨著歷練的提升，成就感逐漸轉為次要參與動機，轉而取代的是傳承、責任、使命感及社交關係的維持。 二、隨著國內籃球裁判在證照等級及吹判賽事層級的提升，其所面對的主要壓力挫折類型越趨多元，裁判生手一開始面對的是對於規則與裁判法的認知與實務連結的缺乏，以及教練言語的壓力，隨著證照等級及吹判層級的提升，外界他人及執法者本身對自己的要求，也逐漸加入成為新的壓力源。另外隨著年齡的增長，如何在家庭、工作、休閒及執法中取得平衡，並維持健康與體能更是壓力挫折來源之一。 三、國內籃球裁判所面對的執法壓力來源多元，任一壓力來源處理不慎，即可能成為額外增加的環境壓力要求，經過文獻蒐整及訪談資料評析，建議了「持續性」、「比賽前」、「比賽中」及「比賽後」等階段可行精進做法。 四、國內籃球裁判多於學生時期開始投入執法，途中經歷不同層次的壓力挫折挑戰，也陸陸續續執法完成了許多高張力賽事，其得持續參與之動機除了成就感、經驗傳承、責任、使命感及社交關係的維持外，如能將執法與休閒生活做連結，將有助於個人持續投身執法的行列。Through in-depth interviews with 5 active FIBA Official Referees in Taiwan, this study compares and contrasts their stories to literatures collected to recount the officiating experiences of Taiwan’s basketball referees. Besides the officiating experiences, this study also probes into motives of officiating basketball games, the type of stress which referees suffered from the greatest with different certificate levels, and their ways of reducing stress. Last but not lease, a motivation model was applied to complete the whole picture of referees’ officiating process. The main findings are as follows: 1. The referees’ motives for officiating include significant others, interests, curiosity, material needs, and etc. Most important of all, the sense of achievement, which motivates the referees to keep on officiating on the basketball courts, is the key in their officiating process. As experiences accumulated, instead of the sense of achievement, they regard their responsibilities for passing down their experiences, the sense of mission, and the maintenance of social relationships as main motives for officiating. 2. As their certificate level upgraded, and the significance of games they officiated raised, the referees dealt with much more pressure from various aspects. As novice referees, they have hard time officiating merely with what they’ve learned before, and they even have to deal with pressure or even insults from coaches. As experiences accumulate, demands from others and from referees themselves also become a new source of stress. Besides, as referees age, the balance among family, work, leisure, officiating jobs, and physical fitness have also challenged them. 3. The sources of stress of Taiwan’s basketball referees are various. This study suggests ways to cope with stress in four phases of officiating: regular basis, before the game, during the game, and after the game. 4. Most of the basketball referees in Taiwan started to officiate when they were students. They have faced loads of challenges and stress at different levels, but they’ve also officiated many games of high tension. The motives for their continuous participation include sense of achievement, the responsibilities of passing down their experiences, the sense of mission, and the demands for maintaining social relationships. If they can further associate officiating jobs to leisure lives, their lives of basketball referees can be prolonged.