象徵表現應用於青少年自我傷害防治海報創作研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討象徵表現在青少年自傷防治海報設計中的應用，深入分析青少年自傷問題，並探索象徵表現在情感傳遞與公共議題表達中的潛在價值。自我傷害（自殺）已成為當前重要的公共衛生議題。根據衛生福利部數據，雖然臺灣整體自傷死亡率有所下降，但15至24歲青少年的自傷率顯著上升，並成為該年齡層的第二大死因，顯示防治措施的迫切性。基於文獻回顧，本研究將象徵表現歸納為三大核心特徵：主觀性、隱喻性及變化性，並將其視覺結構劃分為間接表達與代指表達兩種形式。視覺表現形式可進一步細分為具象、寫實、反真實及抽象四類形態，並涵蓋八種視覺表現技法：擬化、組合與合併、解構與破碎、缺失與遮蔽、矛盾與對比、變形與誇張、重複及流動性。通過對國際設計比賽案例的內容分析，本研究歸納出象徵表現在議題表達中的設計優勢及當前趨勢，顯示多重象徵物與技法的交互運用能夠深化設計概念的傳遞並豐富視覺層次。研究創作部分，基於象徵表現的核心理念，設計了12張海報，針對青少年自傷的家庭、學校與社會三大環境因子，運用廚具、學生日用品及公共設施等象徵物，構建一套完整的防治支持系統，旨在通過傳遞正向生命訊息，促進包容與理解，從而有效應對青少年心理健康挑戰。經創作驗證，本研究得出以下結論：1. 青少年自傷行為可分為內外部層面中的生心理、家庭、學校與社會四大風險因素，且與及早介入以達到預防效益與強化外部連結關係為防治自傷的核心要素；2. 象徵表現的有效應用需結合多種視覺表現技法與象徵物之間的內在關聯性，以精確傳達設計概念；3. 在青少年自傷防治中，個案與其所處環境及人際互動的關聯性至關重要，將日常物品轉化為象徵媒介，有助於建立情感連結，進而增強防治成效； 4.象徵的隱喻性特徵對處理爭議性議題尤為關鍵，且在自傷防治海報上有助於避免過度直白或攻擊性的視覺效果。

This study aims to explore the application of symbolic expression in the design of posters for the prevention of youth self-harm. It conducts an in-depth analysis of youth self-harm issues and examines the potential value of symbolic expression in emotional communication and public issue expression. Self-harm (suicide) has become a critical public health issue. According to data from Taiwan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, although the overall self-harm mortality rate has declined, the self-harm rate among adolescents aged 15 to 24 has significantly increased, making it the second leading cause of death in this age group and highlighting the urgency of preventive measures. Based on a literature review, this study identifies three core characteristics of symbolic representation: subjectivity, metaphorical nature, and variability. It categorizes its visual structures into two forms: indirect expression and referential representation. Visual expressions are divided into four styles: figurative, realistic, anti-realistic, and abstract, encompassing eight visual techniques: personification, combination and merging, deconstruction and fragmentation, absence and concealment, paradox and contrast, distortion and exaggeration, repetition, and fluidity. Through analyzing cases from international design competitions, this study summarizes the design advantages and current trends of symbolic representation in issue expression. The findings show that the interactive use of multiple symbols and techniques can deepen the transmission of design concepts and enrich visual layers.In the creative practice section, this study, guided by the core principles of symbolic representation, designs 12 posters targeting three environmental factors influencing youth self-harm: family, school, and society. It employs symbolic objects such as kitchen utensils, school supplies, and public facilities to construct a comprehensive prevention and support system. The posters aim to convey positive life messages, foster inclusion and understanding, and effectively address the challenges of adolescent mental health. This study draws the following conclusions through creative validation: 1. Youth self-harm behaviors can be categorized into four major risk factors across internal and external dimensions: biopsychological, familial, school-related, and social factors. Early intervention to achieve preventive outcomes and strengthen external connections serves as the core element of self-harm prevention. 2. Effectively applying symbolic expression requires integrating multiple visual techniques and the intrinsic correlation between symbolic elements to accurately convey design concepts. 3. In the prevention of youth self-harm, the relationship between individuals, their environment, and interpersonal interactions is crucial. Transforming everyday objects into symbolic media facilitates emotional connections, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of prevention strategies. 4. The metaphorical characteristics of symbolism are particularly critical when addressing controversial issues. Self-harm prevention posters, help avoid overly explicit or aggressive visual effects, contributing to more nuanced communication.