探討增加投球時間限制後對先發投手個人數據之影響-以2021-2024賽季美國職棒大聯盟

Abstract

目的：本次研究主要探討美國職棒大聯盟實施投球時鐘規則後對於先發投手壓制能力及控球能力相關數據之影響，提供臺灣棒球教練在訓練投手時的方向與戰術之方向。方法：以2021-2024年賽季的美國職棒大聯盟先發投手，篩選條件為先發出賽達23場及投球局數達115局的20名同一批選手，列出與壓制能力及控球能力有關聯之數據資訊，使用SPSS 23.0統計分系進行成對樣本t檢定 (顯著水準設p<.05)，探討投球時鐘對於先發投手之影響。結果：本研究結果發現投手的壓制能力及控球能力有三項數據達到顯著差異 (每9局三振率 (K/9)、四壞球總數 (BB)與觸身球 (HBP)數據等皆p<.05)；另有八項數據未達顯著性數據為以下 (自責分率 (ERA)、三振數 (K)、每9局平均被安打率 (H/9)、平均每局投球數 (Pit/IP)、被打擊率 (BAA)、平均每局讓打者上壘數 (WHIP)、三振保送比 (K/BB)與每9局保送率 (BB/9)數據等皆p>.05)。結論：新規則實施後造成先發投手於壓制能力和控球能力受到影響與每9局三振率 (K/9)、四壞球總數 (BB)及觸身球 (HBP)三項指標結果之間有直接的相關性，然而，自責分率 (ERA)、三振數 (K)、每9局平均被安打率 (H/9)、平均每局投球數 (Pit/IP)、被打擊率 (BAA)、平均每局讓打者上壘數 (WHIP)、三振保送比 (K/BB)及每9局保送率 (BB/9)其餘八項指標結果之間無直接或間接的相關性，另，雖還有許多外在因素條件會影響先發投手壓制能力的表現，但仍可透過本研究提供了對新規則影響投手表現的實證基礎，作為未來選手訓練時的參考依據。Purpose: This study investigates the impact of the pitch clock rule implemented in the 2023 MLB season on starting pitchers' suppression and control performance. The findings aim to guide Taiwanese baseball coaches in developing training and tactical strategies for pitchers. Methods: A sample of 20 MLB starting pitchers who pitched at least 23 games and 115 innings in both the 2021–2022 (pre-rule) and 2023–2024 (post-rule) seasons was selected. Key performance metrics related to suppression and control were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 with a paired-sample t-test (p < .05). Results: Three metrics showed significant changes after the new rule: strikeouts per nine innings (K/9), walks (BB), and hit-by-pitches (HBP), all with (p< .05). Eight other metrics, including ERA, total strikeouts, H/9, Pit/IP, BAA, WHIP, K/BB, and BB/9, showed no significant difference (p> .05). Conclusion: The new rule affected starting pitchers’ ability to suppress hitters and maintain control, showing a clear link with K/9, BB, and HBP. No significant connection was found with ERA, K, H/9, Pit/IP, BAA, WHIP, K/BB, or BB/9. While other external factors may influence performance, this study offers practical evidence of the rule’s impact and can serve as a reference for future pitcher training.