新自由主義化的空間:以府城藝術轉角為例

Abstract

本文關注新自由主義化的府城藝術轉角空間。透過府城藝術轉角計畫案，以自由化、私有化和去管制化等新自由主義意識形態的特徵觀察空間再結構與利益再分配的歷程，以及從行動者的思維邏輯和互動建構空間的權力結構。本研究以二手資料收集、參與觀察和半結構訪談為主要的研究方式，共有67筆官方內部檔案和15位訪談對象。研究結果顯示：第一、府城藝術轉角是仿「BOT」的開發模式，以〈臺南市有房地短期出租作業要點〉做為計畫案的法令依據，既能導入私人資本，也可保有地方政府的開發主導權，這是新自由主義對外擴張、移植和演化的方式。第二、土地使用權是計畫案啟動的關鍵因素，透過新自由主義意識形態的推展，移除空間內部的阻礙，創造都市空間資本累積的機會，將土地利益由多方機構轉移至地方政府和私人資本。第三、藉由地方政府、私人資本和市民三個行動者的權力競逐，重塑府城藝術轉角空間結構。就行動者的權力配置而言，地方政府是計畫案的主導者，私人資本扮演投機性角色，配合地方政府以獲取資本累積的機會，至於市民則是被迫接受空間的使用者。就行動者之間的關係而言，地方政府與私人資本呈現大小夥伴關係，地方政府與市民是弱連結關係，私人資本與市民的關係則僅是市場中的供需關係。

This paper concerns the space of neoliberalization in Tainan Art Corner. We observe the restructured space in the way of liberalization, privatization and deregulation, as well as the actor’s logic and interaction to construct power structure. Second-data collection, participant observation, and semistructured interviews which consist of 67 government papers and 15 interview papers are adopted in this paper. The results in this research are below: First, Tainan Art Corner constructs in “like-BOT” development pattern. It is based on the treaty of Tainan City short-term rent. Based on this treaty, we can use private capital, and maintain the leading power of local Government's development. This is the way of neo-liberalism expansion, migration, and evolutionary. Second, through the research, we know the right of land usage is a key factor in project. With the promotion of neo-liberalism ideology, we can remove spacial internal barriers and create opportunities for capital accumulation in urban space. The benefit can be transferred to local governments and multilateral agencies private capital. Third, through local governments, private capital, and public’s power competition; we can reshape Tainan Art corner’s space structure. Local government is the project's leader. Private capital plays the role of an adventurer who co-operates local government in order to obtain capital accumulation; people are forced to accept the space. Local government is the partnership to Private capital; however, the link between the local government and the public is weak. Private capital and the public are supply and demand in the relation.