國民教育階段九年一貫課程「健康與體育」領域決策過程研究

Abstract

台灣地區將於2001年九月，率先由國小一年級開始實施國民教育階段九年一貫課程。此次改革打破以往分科的界線，將各科整合為七大學習領域，「健康與體育」領域為其中之一。本研究旨在分析與批判此次重大改革中，有關「健康與體育」領域及領域綱要的決策過程及影響因素。研究採質化方式，透過文件分析、訪談作為主要研究方法。所蒐集文件包含中央政府出版品、九年一貫課程暫行綱要、國教司存檔資料、「健康與體育」小組會議記錄及相關領域研究及重要決策者訪談作為資料蒐集來源，經由文本分析、整合及政策研究方法獲致下列結論：

一、「健康與體育」領域的形成主要歸因於領域內涵呼應國際趨勢、民間教改團體的支持與學者的極力爭取。 二、體育在藝能領域之說導因於科目轉化領域思維的轉變 三、體育在總綱修訂的過程中為最初的思考方向之一，並持續至總綱形成；惟出發點未以體育在教育上之功能為考量。 四、「健康」一詞在領域綱要的研訂過程中由最初的理念轉化為專門的學科知識。 五、受學科本位影響導致工作小組分工間無法充分合作，影響領域綱要融合，導致能力指標撰寫標準不一，教師轉化教材困難。 具體建議如下：

一、加強有關體育課程發展之基礎性研究。 二、學習領域辦理研習時應針對教改背景、理念作完整闡述，以避免落入學科本位之思考，有礙教改理念之推廣。 三、體育師資培育機構應加強師資培育過程中有關教育理念與體育本質與時代性結合的能力，以精進體育教學。

The first grade in elementary in Taiwan will implement 9-years joint curriculum in Sep.2001. The change surmount the boundary of disciplines, and integrated the disciplines to 7-learning area. Healthy education and physical education become “Healthy and Physical Education” Learning Area. The purpose of this study is to analyze and critique the process of decision making and influences factors. Data were collected through government publications, provisional outline of 9-years joint curriculum, study findings in relative area, and interviews of decision makers. The results of content analysis were as follows: a. “Healthy and Physical Education” Learning Area was formed through the supporting scholars and educational innovation groups. b. The message of that physical education was included in the Acquirement learning area was basing the thinking of transmutation from subject into learning area. c. Physical education was the basic conception during the process of decision making, until the provisional outline completed. d. In the process of decision making, it was transmutation the term of ”Health” from concept into the knowledge of subject. e. The inconsistent written standard of competency indicator caused the difficulty in transferring subject matters. The suggestions of study were as follows: a. Increase the basic studies of the curriculums of physical education. b. When hold an conference, it is important to explicate the background, spirit of educational innovation, to avoid falling the limitation of disciplines. c. Institution of teacher education should increase the ability of combining educational conception with time.