團體創造性問題解決歷程討論對話之分析及其與產品創造性之關聯：以高齡健康促進產品想像工作坊為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探究創造性問題解決團體之討論歷程與其所發想出之產品的創造力之關聯。本研究使用錄影評量之探索型混合型研究，先以質化之方式處理，再進行量化處理。研究參與者以便利抽樣之方式，以舉辦工作坊的形式，公開招募各大專院生為受試者，共招募33位成員，將受試者分為七組。過程中以錄影觀察之方式進行，將工作坊討論階段分為需求產生、問題建構、點子產生和產品規劃四階段，各組經由四階段討論後，產生創造性產品，請領域專家依據CSDS量表，針對此產品進行評分。研究結果發現：一、各組在四階段內之討論歷程，可歸類出「提供資訊」、「解釋」、「統整」、「提出點子」、「精緻化」、「表達贊否」、「確認」、「任務參與」和「無關」九種類別對話類別。二、研究參與者之討論表現皆符合各階段預期之特徵，且「解釋」與「統整」類別對於產品創造性產出有正向影響；最有利於需求產生與問題建構階段中的對話類別為「提供資訊」，點子產生階段中最有效益的對話類別為「提出點子」，而在產品規劃階段中，最有幫助的類別為「精緻化」。三、小組產品創造性與正向情緒有關聯。最後本研究依據研究結果，提供創造性問題解決團體討論之相關研究的未來建議方向。The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the creative problem solving groups’ discussion process and the creative products they came up with. This study was based on mixed design. Qualitative research design was first used, then quantitative. In order to facilitate the sampling, the study recruited college students to participate in workshops. A total of 33 members were recruited and the subjects were divided into seven groups. This study used video observation. The discussion portion of the workshop was divided into four stages: demand generation, problem construction, idea generation and product planning. After the four stages of discussion each group completed creative products. Field experts were invited to judge creative products using the CSDS Scale. The videos of group discussion were used to categorize dialogue as "Providing Information", "Explanation", "Integration", "Idea Generation", "Refinement", "Expressing Comments", "Confirmation", "Task Participation" and " Not Related". Then, according to the creativity scores given by the experts, variance analysis was used to divide the groups into high, medium and low. Two coders were invited to assist in coding the dialogue at each stage. The chi-squared test was then used to analyze the differences in dialogues at each stage. Next, two-factor mixed design variation analysis was used to analyze the product creativity and the pre-test and post-test mood questionnaires. The analysis showed that group product creativity is correlated to with positive emotions. The results of this study provide future direction for research related to creative problem solving group discussion.