跨文化溝通能力導向華語交換生課程設計：針對荷蘭大學生之個案研究

Abstract

本研究以荷蘭籍大學生為研究對象，旨在針對其赴臺交換時，所需具備之跨文化溝通能力為研究導向，提出赴臺交換前預備課程設計，使其具備在臺期間與當地人跨文化交流所需之語言與跨文化能力，有效利用海外交換期間，增加口語練習機會並與當地人進行深度交流。跨文化溝通能力強調的是與不同語言和文化背景者溝通的能力，能夠將文化「知識」、「態度」結合外語能力以適當的溝通模式交流，並具備反思自身與他人文化的「批判性文化意識」以及學習新的語言與文化知識之「技能」。本研究透過分析荷蘭籍學生赴臺短期交流情形、荷蘭大學的華語與文化課程設置現況與荷蘭籍大學生來臺個案研究，探討目前在臺交換之荷蘭籍大學生於赴臺交換前的語言與文化學習背景與需求、與中文母語人士的交流情形，以及在臺的華語使用情況、與當地人的交流互動情形，再依據個案研究對象於在臺期間對日常生活中行為文化的觀察所撰寫之每週生活紀錄與訪談內容，歸納出符合荷蘭籍大學生華語學習需求並具真實性、文化差異性、話題性和具當代性的日常行為文化主題與情境，分別為：餐飲行為文化、宗教行為與態度、社群媒體的使用與符號、行為慣例與禮儀文化、學習態度及休閒生活。最後綜合現有文獻與研究結果提出適用於荷蘭籍大學生赴臺交換前預備課程之設計與教學範例，以培養跨文化溝通能力以及日常對話能力作為荷籍交換生來臺前之學習目標，以期提升在臺交換期間之跨文化溝通能力。This study focuses on the intercultural communicative competence required by Dutch university students when they study in Taiwan as exchange students, and proposes a curriculum design of a pre-exchange programme to equip them with the language and intercultural competence needed to communicate with local people during their stay in Taiwan, so that they can make effective use of the exchange period abroad to increase opportunities for speaking practice and in-depth communication with locals. Intercultural communicative competence emphasises the ability to communicate with people from different language and cultural backgrounds, to combine cultural ‘knowledge’ and ‘attitudes’ with foreign language competence to communicate in appropriate ways, and to have the ‘awareness’ to reflect on one's own and others' cultures and the ‘skills’ to learn new language and cultural knowledge. This study examines the learning backgrounds of Dutch university students on exchange in Taiwan prior to their exchange to Taiwan, their learning needs and their interaction with native Chinese speakers, as well as their use of Chinese and their interaction with the local people during their exchange period in Taiwan, by analysing the trend of Dutch students on short-term exchanges in Taiwan, the current situation of Chinese language and culture programmes in Dutch universities and case studies of Dutch university students on exchange in Taiwan. The research data of case studies is based on the weekly journals and interviews compiled by the participants during their stay in Taiwan. Upon conclusion of the initial phase of research, five themes within everyday behavioural culture were selected. These are:'dining out' behaviour culture, religious behaviour and attitudes, the use of social media and symbols, behavioural conventions and etiquette culture, learning attitudes and leisure life. The themes were chosen with the following criteria: meet the needs of Dutch university students' Chinese language learning, are authentic, with cultural differences, and are topical and contemporary. Finally, based on the existing literature and research results, the study proposes a curriculum design and a teaching example for the pre-exchange programme for Dutch university students who are going on exchange in Taiwan. The aim of the programme is to develop intercultural communicative competence and daily conversation skills for Dutch students before they go on exchange in Taiwan, with a view to enhancing their intercultural communication skills during their stay in Taiwan.