高關懷青少年家長親職教育介入研究—以物質濫用預防為焦點

Abstract

一、研究目的：本研究主要目的係發展一套適用於家長「青少年物質濫用親職預防課程」，並探討「物質濫用預防課程」的實施對家長在物質濫用知識、預防子女物質濫用態度、預防子女物質濫用措施影響成效，和對於課程的整體滿意度。 二、研究方法：本研究採準實驗設計，於九十三學年度上學期以台北縣某高中國中部一、二年及高關懷學生家長共8位為實驗組，並選取另外高關懷學生家長8位為本研究對照組。實驗組提供兩小時的物質濫用預防介入課程，對照組則不提供任何介入。「物質濫用預防課程」介入前後，實驗組與對照組皆實施前後測。研究資料以SPSS視窗版10.0套裝軟體進行統計資料分析，描述性統計以次數分配、百分比、平均值、標準差等加以分析，推論性統計以費雪精確機率檢定、魏氏符號等級檢定、魏氏曼惠特尼檢定進行分析。 三、研究結果： 本研究的主要發現： 1.前測調查結果顯示，研究對象中多數不使用成癮物質（吸菸、飲酒、嚼檳榔、成癮藥物），曾有吸菸經驗者目前吸菸狀況為：天天吸菸者有2位（25.0%）。曾有飲酒經驗者目前飲酒狀況為：天天飲酒者有1位（12.5%）。曾有嚼檳榔經驗者目前嚼檳榔狀況為：過去一年內有嚼但三十天內未嚼過檳榔1位（12.5%）。曾有使用成癮藥物經驗者實驗組當中有1位（12.5%），使用的種類為強力膠（12.5%）、安非他命（12.5%）。 2.本研究結果接受研究假設一及研究假設二、拒絕研究假設三，實驗組在物質濫用知識及預防子女物質濫用態度上與對照組達統計顯著差異水準，表示物質濫用之事及預防子女物質濫用態度上實驗組顯著優於對照組。在數據直接比較上，實驗組在預防子女物質濫用措施雖未達統計顯著差異但在得分比較上實驗組較對照組佳。由於實驗組均接受物質預防親職教育課程，因此可推論該課程仍是有效果。 3.接受物質濫用預防親職課程介入的受試者表示，對於課程活動「猜猜我是誰」、「大家來找碴」、「談心高手」都表示非常喜歡佔多數。此三個教學活動都是透過講述與活動穿插，提供家長物質濫用預防實用的資訊，並與實際生活結合還請家長實際演練，跳脫單純以講述法為主的教學方式，較能引起家長注意及興趣。課程對家長的幫助程度方面，受試者表示「猜猜我是誰」及「大家來找碴」兩項活動非常有幫助。 四、研究結論：本研究成果可提供規劃家長物質濫用預防課程之參考。未來研究者可在本研究基礎下，更進一歨進行追蹤研究、多元化評量方式進行實驗，以探討課程延宕效果。Objectives: The purpose of this study were to develop a family-based program for the parents of the high-risk adolescents to prevent youths from substance abuse and to explore the effects of the program on the knowledge, attitudes, and strategy of prevention, and the satisfaction to the program among the parents. Method: A quasi-experimental design was performed in this study, from 05/2004 to 06/2004, in which, eight high-risk students’ parents were included in the intervention group, while the other eight parents were in the control group in Taipei County. All of these adolescents of these parents were in the 7th grade and 8th grade. The intervention group received two-hour course in the drug abuse prevention program, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups received pre-post test before and after the drug abuse prevention program. Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank test were applied to describe socio-demographic data and to estimate the program effects on knowledge, attitude, and strategy of prevention among the parents by using SPSS 10.0 for Windows. Results: The main discoveries were as follows: 1. Most of the parents did not use any addictive substance, but one parent in the intervention group had used glues and amphetamine before. 2. These results accepted assumption 1 and 2, which indicated that there was significant between the intervention and control groups on knowledge, attitudes toward substance prevention. And these results rejected the assumption 3, which indicated that there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups on strategy of prevention. However, the performances of knowledge, attitude, and strategy of prevention related to the prevention of substance abuse within the intervention group were better than that within the control group. 3. Most of the parents, who received the substance abuse program, demonstrated their likes to these activities. These activities were designed lectures and practices, which provided practical information regarding substance abuse prevention, and also led parents’ attention and interest to the program, parents demonstrated that two of these activities were very useful. These three activities were designed for parents to recognize substance abuse. Conclusions: Based on the results, the study suggests that the parental program designed for youth substance abuse prevention could be the basis of other family-based adolescent’s substance abuse prevention programs.