有其母必有其兒？母愛感受的代間傳遞

Abstract

母愛的感受在個人的生命歷程如何？有沒有代間傳遞的現象？受哪些因素的影響？本研究的目的在了解育有青少年兒女的中年女性，與其配對兒女，兩代間母愛感受的代間傳遞類型。本研究分開訪談11位母親與其配對的青少年兒女13位。由主題式分析法歸納出的研究結果發現：母愛感受的代間傳遞可分為三組。其中，本研究參與母親，對原生家庭母親母愛感受高的，其兒女對她的母愛感受也高，母愛感受豐富的母愛行為被母親們學習並傳遞到下一代，母愛感受有著明確的代間傳遞現象。但對原生家庭母親母愛感受低的，其兒女的母愛感受可歸納為兩類型：一者的母愛感受普通，母愛似乎也在母親不自覺中被傳遞著；另一者的母愛感受很好，這可能是因為不被母親們認同的上一代母愛行為，被母親們反省並改進著。兩代間母愛感受的因素都與母親的偏心與否、互動陪伴時間的多寡、打罵強迫的管教方式，以及個人自我反省的能力有關，且生命歷程各階段的差異不大，呈現了相當的穩定性。本研究依此建議母親宜注意公平的管教、少採用打罵強迫的管教、多陪伴孩子，以及應用家庭教育或親職教育課程，以提升自我反省的能力。

What is the feeling of maternal love in the course of an individual’s life? Is there any intergenerational transmission? What are the factors that affect maternal love? This maternal–child dyad research was designed to analyze the process of maternal love toward children as well as the maternal love perception by children toward themselves by interviewing the life histories of Taiwanese middle-aged mothers and at least one of their children. The thematic analysis was adopted to reduce the intergenerational transmission process between the two generations of the participants. Participants comprised 11 Taiwanese mothers and their 13 adolescent children. It was found that the process of maternal love toward the next generation was influenced by the participating mother’s mother, which passed to the next generation in three different ways. The behavior of the participating mother’s mother leading to abundant favor experienced was learned by the participating mother and transmitted to their children. However, the experience of feeling scanty love led to either of the two situations: one was subconsciously transmitted by the participating mothers to their children, who also felt scanty, and the other was introspected and improved, and their children felt good. The factors of maternal love feelings between two generations were the extent to which the mothers were fair, the amount of interaction time, the way of discipline, and the ability of individual self-reflection. The feeling of maternal love showed little difference across the different stages of life course of the two generations. Therefore, this study suggests that mothers should pay attention to fair discipline, use less authoritarian discipline, spend more time with children, and apply family education or parenting courses to improve the ability of self-reflection.