高中運動員知覺賦權與削權動機氣候對主觀活力之預測-基本心理需求的中介效果

Abstract

近年來，許多研究探討教練對於運動員心理健康及福祉的相關研究。 Duda(2013)認為賦權動機氣候能夠滿足運動員的基本心理需求並提高心理健康。 主觀活力是運動員心理健康的一個重要指標，意指由內在所引發的正面積極能量(Ryan& Frederick, 1997)。因此，本研究目的為探討賦權、削權動機氣候對主觀活力的預測並檢驗基本心理需求的中介效果。參與者為高中運動員 277 位(男性174 名，女性 103 名)，平均年齡 16.4 歲±0.77。經參與者同意後填寫賦權及削權動機氣候量表、主觀活力量表及基本心理需求量表。本研究所得資料採簡單迴歸分析了解變項間預測情形，並以賦權、削權動機氣候前置變項，主觀活力為結果 變項，再以拔靴法 (Bootstrapping) 檢驗自主性、關係感、勝任感三個基本心理 需求是否在賦權、削權動機氣候與主觀活力間扮演中介角色。研究結果顯示，自主性及關係感在賦權動機氣候與主觀活力間具有部分中介效果；則在削權動機氣候與主觀活力間扮演完全中介效果。此結果顯示，教練應使選手知覺到賦權動機氣候並滿足選手的自主性及關係感，進而提高選手的主觀活力；反之，若教練總是塑造削權動機氣候則減少選手的基本心理需求進而降低主觀活力。

Recently, more and more research interest has focused on examining coach-related factors influence athletes’ well-being and health. Duda (2013) considered that empowering climate will satisfy athletes’ basic needs and then enhance their health. Vitality is an important aspect of health and refers to a dynamic aspect of well-being indexed by the subjective experience of energy and positive aliveness (Ryan& Frederick, 1997). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the meditating effects of basic psychological needs between empowering, disempowering motivational climate and subjective vitality among High school athletes. The participants were 277 High school Athletes (174 males and 103 females) recruited from four high schools. After received the informed consent, participants completed Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climates Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, and Subjective Vitality Scale. The results of Bootstrap mediated analyses indicated that empowering motivational climate positively predicted subjective vitality and were meditated by autonomy and relatedness. On the other hand, disempowering motivational climate negatively predicted subjective vitality and were meditated by autonomy, competence and relatedness. The findings of current study suggest that coaches should create empowering climate to satisfy young athletes’ perceptions of autonomy and relatedness and then promote their subjective vitality. In contrast, Creating disempowering climate thwart psychological needs and then reduce athletes’ subjective vitality.