行動應用程式對於用藥高危險青少年之成效探討

Abstract

目的：青少年非法藥物濫用預防分三級，對於「高危險群青少年」的預防措施較少。高中職是一重要的轉變期，青少年即將面對升學、就業、結婚等選項，若沒有轉變成功，可能增加非法藥物使用的機率。因此，本研究發展一行動應用程式「QD-Health」應用於藥物濫用預防，使用解構式計畫行為理論評估高危險群學生使用此款行動應用程式之影響因子，並評估其成效，期能促進高危險學生之不用藥健康識能與社會支持，以延緩並預防非法藥物使用的發生。

方法：本研究招募40名高危險群學生使用QD-Health，共計2個月，參與者需完成三次問卷調查，分別於前測 (第一次使用後)、第一個月追蹤、及第二個月追蹤。資料分析採複迴歸探討影響參與者使用QD-Health意圖之因子；採配對t檢定與效果量評估此行動應用程式對於不用藥健康適能、社會支持與不用藥意圖之成效。

結果：複迴歸分析結果顯示態度與輔導員影響顯著預測意圖，而知覺有趣性與相容性顯著影響態度。此外，參與者的不用藥意圖、不用藥健康適能與社會支持於使用QD-Health之兩個月當中有所改善，比較前測與第一個月追蹤測的結果，情緒性支持之效果量介於低至中等，其它結果變項為低效果量；比較前測與第二個月追蹤測的結果，情緒性支持之效果量介於中等至高，不用藥健康適能為低至中等之效果量。 結論：QD-Health是第一個行動應用程式應用於青少年藥物濫用防制，本研究結果認為行動應用程式適合高危險群青少年，且QD-Health對於青少年之情緒性社會支持的改變具潛在成效。Aims: Interventions for at-risk adolescents in terms of illegal drug use prevention were less. High school is a critical transition period that they are going to move to the next life stage, such as the college, workforce, or marriage. They may start or restart using drugs as they fail to the transition. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a smartphone app named “QD-Health” on the basic of perspectives of adolescents with experiences of drug use and practitioners who worked with them. The utilization of QD-Health was assessed based on the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB). The effectiveness of QD-Health was assessed on health literacy in drug nonuse, social support and intention not to use drugs.

Method: A total of 40 at-risk adolescents were recruited in the study. They used QD-Health for two months and completed three measurements at the baseline (after the first-time use), the first-month follow-up, and the second-month follow-up. Multiple regressions were used to identify significant factors based on the DTPB model. Paired-t tests with Bonferroni correction and effect sizes were used to assess the effectiveness of QD-Health on intention not to use drugs, health literacy in drug nonuse, social support, including tangible, emotional and appraisal supports.

Results: Based on the DTPB model, attitude (satisfaction) and counselors’ influences were found to significantly predict the intention to use QD-Health, accounting for 89.0% of the variance. For satisfaction, perceived playfulness and compatibility were significant predicted factors. Moreover, the magnitude of effect size for emotional support was small to medium when comparing in the first-month follow-up with the baseline. Comparing the second-month follow-up with the baseline, the medium to large effect size was found on emotional support.

Conclusion: This is the first study to apply an app to the intervention for adolescent illegal drug use prevention. The findings supported that an app was appropriate for at-risk adolescents and QD-Health had potential influences on health literacy in drug nonuse and emotional support.