戶外教育對青少年發展之影響-以音比沙童軍團為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討戶外教育對青少年發展之正面影響的可能性，本研究的具體目的主要是透過研究青少年在戶外教育的歷程，並依結果作為精進戶外教育課程的基礎，協助青少年正向發展。 本研究以數所國民中學的童軍聯團「音比沙童軍團」為研究對象，研究內容主要以音比沙的戶外教育課程為主，其包含環境教育初階課程－合歡山課程、環境教育進階課程－雪山課程、瓦拉米古道課程、雪山東峰課程；自行車課程；馬祖服務學習課程，前後時間達四年，冀求以研究者親身參與觀察的第一手資料以及學員的個案訪談資料與心得，來分析青少年參與戶外教育的經歷。 本研究以現象學作為研究的基本態度，青少年時常給人活力的、衝動的、自我中心的等等的特質，這些特質容易使人產生特定的立場，這對於觀察、分析、訪談一個經驗而言，容易有過多的預設而使研究的結果產生偏誤，更開放、不預設立場的現象學態度，非常適合作為本研究觀察青少年意涵的基本態度。 根據本研究發現歸納出以下五點結論：一、戶外教育對青少年發展是正面影響；二、同儕仍是青少年參與戶外教育的主要動機；三、戶外教育對青少年發展的影響甚鉅；四、跨校園的童軍團結盟能較有效推動戶外教育；五、高強度課程對青少年而言有其必要性。 根據上述結論，本研究對於音比沙戶外教育課程之建議有三點：一、環境教育課程的改善；二、更多樣化的戶外教育課程；三、引導員的專業培訓。

關鍵字：戶外教育、童軍團、環境教育、青少年發展、服務學習The Influence of Outdoor Education on the Development of Adolescents – A Case Study of Lmpelsa Scout Corps The purpose of this study is to research the course of teenagers in outdoor education and to help them develop as a basis for the intensive outdoor education curriculum. The purpose of this research is to explore the possibility of positive effects of outdoor education on adolescents. This study is based on the Scout ‘Lmpelsa’, a group of several junior high schools consist from Hsinchu and Hualien in Taiwan. The main course contents include the elementary course of environmental education – Mountain climbing(Hehuan Mountain), Biking course, Camping course(Matsu Service Learning Course). The study data and interview with teenagers are come from researcher personally experience. To analyze the experience of young people to participate in outdoor education. The research above lasted for four years. This study takes Phenomenology as the principle of research. The characteristics of adolescents often give people some impressions of dynamic, impulsive, self-centered. These traits make people easily have biases to comment teenager. So it is important to have liberal opinion for this research. To sum up this research, there are five conclusions: 1. Outdoor education is a positive impact on adolescent development; 2. Peers are the main motivation for young people to participate in outdoor education; 3. Outdoor education has a huge impact on youth development; 4.the campus scout group alliances are effectively promote outdoor education; 5. A high-intensity course for young people is necessary. Based on the above conclusions, the study has three suggestions for outdoor education. There are three things need to change. First one, is that there is a needy for improvement of the environmental education curriculum; another one is outdoor education course must be diversify; last one is that the professional training of the instructor is needy too.

Keywords: Outdoor Education, Scout, Environmental Education, Youth Development, Service-Learning