從工作家庭邊境理論探討邊境、家人支持與工作家庭和諧類型之關係:以新創公司創業者為例

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2021

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摘要 本研究應用工作家庭邊境理論,探討新創公司創業者的工作家庭和諧類型,以及邊境、家人支持與工作家庭和諧類型之間的關係。以工作家庭衝突與工作家庭增益分類出工作家庭和諧類型,並從工作領域與家庭領域探討邊境中的時空彈性與角色通透、家人支持中的情感支持與工具支持。本研究採用問卷調查法,回收有效問卷195份。資料分析使用潛在類別分析與多項式邏輯迴歸分析。主要研究發現如下: 1.創業者的工作家庭和諧可以分成三類型。 (1)職家雙惠型(49.2%):工作家庭衝突低、工作家庭增益高。 (2)職家雙矛盾型(35.9%):工作家庭衝突與工作家庭增益都高。 (3)職損擾家型(14.9%):工作對家庭衝突高、家庭對工作衝突低、工作對家庭增益低、家庭對工作增益低。 關於三類型的背景,已婚、子女數較多者,多於屬職家雙惠型,未婚、子女數較少者,多屬於職損擾家型,其餘屬於職家雙矛盾型。 2.工作家庭和諧類型會因邊境而不同。 工作領域中,角色通透越高,則職家雙矛盾型、職家雙惠型的比例越高。家庭領域中,時空彈性越高,則職家雙矛盾型、職家雙惠型的比例越高。角色通透越高,則職損擾家型、職家雙矛盾型的比例越高。 3.邊境對工作家庭和諧類型的效果,會因家人支持而不同。 工作領域中,角色通透對工作家庭和諧類型的影響,因工作領域的情感支持而不同。當情感支持低時,角色通透越高,則職家雙惠型的比例越高。家庭領域中,角色通透對工作家庭和諧類型的影響,因家庭領域的情感支持而不同。當情感支持低時,角色通透越高,則是職損擾家型的比例越高。 本研究在理論對話、分析方法及實務應用上,都展現相當程度的意義,並提出研究限制與未來的研究發展方向。
Abstract This study aims to apply work-family border theory for exploring work-family harmony typology among startup entrepreneurs, and to examine the relationship between border, family support, and types of work-family harmony. The work-family harmony typology was classified by work-family conflict and enrichment. Time-space flexibility and role permeability, which are under the dimension of border, were then investigated through the domains of work and family, so were emotional support and instrumental support, which are under the dimension of family support. A questionnaire survey method was adopted in this study and 195 returned questionnaires were effective. The data were then analyzed using latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression. The main findings are described below: 1.Work-family harmony among entrepreneurs can be classified into three types. (i)Work-family dual benefits type (49.2%): low work-family conflict and high work-family enrichment. (ii)Work-family dual contradiction type (35.9%): high work-family conflict and high work-family enrichment. (iii)Family intruded by work type (14.9%): high work to family conflict and low family to work conflict, work to family enrichment, family to work enrichment. Regarding the background of three types, those who are married and have a large number of children mostly belong to the work-family dual benefits type, while those who are unmarried and have a small number of children mostly belong to the family intruded by work type. The remaining participants belong to the work-family dual contradiction type. 2.The types of work-family harmony vary with variables in the dimension of border. In the domain of work, when role permeability increases, the percentage of participants who are involved in work-family dual contradictions or receiving work-family dual benefits is higher. In the domain of family, when time-space flexibility increases, the percentage of participants involved in work-family dual contradictions or having work-family dual benefits is higher. When role permeability increases, the percentage of participants who feel work intrusion on family or have work-family dual contradictions is higher. 3.The effects of border on work-family harmony vary with different levels of family support. In the domain of work, the effects of role permeability on work-family harmony vary with different levels of emotional support in the workplace. When there is lower emotional support, the higher the role permeability, the higher the percentage of participants who receive work-family dual benefits. In the domain of family, the effects of role permeability on work-family harmony vary with different levels of emotional support at home. When there is lower emotional support, the higher the role permeability, the higher the percentage of people who have a sense of work intrusion on family. This study shows considerable significance in the aspects of theoretical dialogues, analytical methods, and practical application. It presents research limitations and offers valuable recommendations for future research directions.

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新創公司創業者, 邊境, 家人支持, 工作家庭和諧類型, 工作家庭邊境理論, startup entrepreneur, border, family support, work-family harmony typology, work-family border theory

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