馬來西亞華語「了」的語音變異因素

Abstract

本研究探討馬來西亞華語「了」(le和liao)的語音變異因素。本研究假設語域和性別是影響le和liao 變體分佈的顯著的語言外部因素，並假設「了」的句法位置(動詞後「了」和句末「了」)是影響「了」語音變異的顯著的語言内部因素。從BBK Network YouTube頻道中新聞播報、紀錄片、採訪以及趣味辯論四種不同的語域為語料，研究「了」語音變異的分佈。本研究采用了GoldVarb X (Sankoff et al. 2005)，一種用於變異研究的定量工具。該結果表明語域對「了」語音變異的影響是最大的，尤其新聞播報和紀錄片傾向於le變異的使用，而採訪和趣味辯論更傾向於liao變異。此外，「了」的句法位置也是影響「了」語音變異的顯著因素，尤其動詞後「了」傾向於le變異的使用，而句末「了」則傾向於liao變異的使用。然而，性別並沒有對「了」的語音變異因素造成顯著的影響。The present study examines the phonological variation of LE (le and liao) in Malaysian Mandarin. The study hypothesizes that register and gender are the significant language external factors that affect the distribution of le and liao variants. Besides, the study also hypothesizes the syntactic positions of LE (Post Verbal Marker LE and Sentence-Final Particle LE) are an internal language factor that has a significant influence on the phonological variation of LE in Malaysian Mandarin. The present study draws data from four different spoken registers from BBK Network YouTube channel, namely news broadcast, documentary, interview, and entertainment debate. The study employs GoldVarb X (Sankoff et al. 2005), a quantitative tool designed for variations studies, and the results indicate that registers have the most significant influence on the phonological variation of LE, with news broadcasts and documentaries favoring the use of le variant the most while interviews and entertainment debates favoring the use of liao variant. Furthermore, the syntactic positions of LE are also a significant contributor to the phonological variation of LE, with PVM LE favoring le variant whereas SFP LE favoring liao variant. In contrast, gender is identified as an insignificant factor in the phonological variation of LE.