氣候變遷道德強度與氣候友善飲食之關聯－以大學生為例

Abstract

聯合國發布「2030 永續發展目標」（Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs），希望藉由 17 項目標，指引全球邁向永續，其中目標 13「氣候行動」 為「完備減緩調適行動，以因應氣候變遷及其影響」，顯示採取氣候行動以減緩與調適氣候變遷可能對人類帶來的威脅是極為重要的人類永續發展目標。近幾年來，世界各地因極端氣候發生之災害事件對人類社會與生態環境的衝擊益發嚴重，如何減緩與調適氣候變遷越來越成為各界迫切關注之議題。人類飲食活動也是影響氣候變遷的主要活動；因此，如何透過氣候友善飲食行為之提倡與實踐，來減緩食物生產與飲食活動對全球暖化的貢獻，是本研究的主要研究動機。本研究旨在探討大學生對氣候變遷的道德強度與其氣候友善飲食行為之關 聯，並深入分析其中存在的阻礙因素。本研究以 Jones （1991）提出的道德強度與議題權變模型為研究理論依據，採量化與質性研究並行方式進行。透過問卷調查與深入訪談收集研究資料，選擇臺灣大學三校聯盟（包含臺灣大學、臺灣師範大學及臺灣科技大學）之大學生作為研究調查對象。最後，共回收 1062 份有效問卷，使用SPSS 與AMOS等軟體進行統計分析與結構方程模型分析。歸納本研究之主要結果，發現本研究之大學生：（1）道德強度對道德判 斷、行為意圖與氣候友善飲食行為皆有正向影響，其中道德判斷對行為意圖與 氣候友善飲食行為以及行為意圖對氣候友善飲食行為也都有正向影響。（2）道 德判斷為行為意圖的重要影響因子，行為意圖為氣候友善飲食行為的重要影響 因子。（3）日常生活中實踐氣候友善行為時，「行」、「食」、「住」為較多 人優先選擇之行動面向，因其認為較有主控權或是日常生活中最常接觸。（4）促使研究對象大學生更願意採取氣候友善飲食行為的因素包含價格；普及性；資訊更齊全；同儕效應；希望能看見改善飲食行為的成效；氣候變遷的威脅；教育及學校推廣等。 （5）阻礙其實踐氣候友善飲食行為的因子主要是：「要改變飲食習慣」及「不希望與別人不 同」，其次是「口味」問題。本研究之成果可提供後續推動氣候友善飲食行為以及相關研究參考。

Climate change is a undeniable threat to the human life. Hence, Global Goal 13 (Climate Action) is proposed all about taking action to combat climate change and climate-friendly dietary is advocated to reduce its carbon emissions and other impacts. In general, food systems encompass everything related to food – from production of animal feed and fertilizer, to farm practices, transport, storage and refrigeration, processing, packaging, sale, and eventually its disposal. Since food systems impact the environment significantly, change our dietary choices and behaviors has regarded as urgent actions for climate change and earth environment.This study aimed to discuss the relationship between moral intensity of climate change and climate-friendly dietary among the university student, as well as to understand their barriers. In order to achieve the research purposes, this study were based on the theory of moral intensity (Jones, 1991) and then adopted both qualitative and quantitative research methods, including questionnaire survey and depth interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to the university student studying at National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Normal University, and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. Finally, 1062 valid samples were collected and then the SPSS and AMOS softwares were used for statistical analysis and structural equation modeling.The final results indicated that the moral intensity of the university student in this study had a positive impact on moral evaluation, intentions, and climate-friendly dietary. Their moral evaluation mainly affected intentions, and intentions had the most important impact on climate-friendly dietary behaviors. Among all kinds of climate-friendly behaviors, most students practice their change in “transportation,”"food," and "housing" sector in their daily life. The factors that encourage students to adopt climate-friendly dietary included price, accessibility, availability of more complete information, peer effects, the effects of climate-friendly dietary, the threat of climate change, education and promotion in schools. In addition, “habit” and “not wanting to be different” were found to be the barriers to their climate-friendly dietary. The findings of this reaearch can be used to advocate the climate-friendly dietary behaviors among the university students and may contribute to the further research.