教師人格特質影響組織公民行為之研究---以南投縣國民中學為例

Abstract

本研究探討南投縣國民中學教師人格特質與組織公民行為的關係，主要目的在於一、瞭解學校教師人格特質與組織公民行為之現況。二、探討教師個人背景變項與組織公民行為的關係。三、探討教師人格特質與組織公民行為的關係。四、探討教師個人背景變項與人格特質對組織公民行為的預測力。五、依據研究結果，瞭解影響教師組織公民行為的因素，以提供學校建議。 本研究方法以文獻分析及問卷調查為主，所使用的調查工具為「國民中學教師問卷」。問卷調查對象以南投縣公立國民中學的教師為研究對象，本研究之母群體教師人數共1752人，抽樣方式採取比例抽樣，於九十四年六月總計發出問卷377份，共回收問卷328份，回收率為87﹪；剔除資料填答不全及有明顯反應心向的問卷，有效問卷共303份，有效率92﹪。統計方法係採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t-test、單因子變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關以及逐步多元迴歸等以驗證本研究假設。 本研究具體結論如下： 一、南投縣國民中學教師人格特質現況，傾向外向、開放、和善及嚴謹自律，以「嚴謹自律」強度最強，「神經質」強度最弱。 二、南投縣國民中學教師組織公民行為現況整體表現中等偏上，以「教學敬業」構面得分最高，其次為「奉公無私」、「主動助人」及「關懷學生」構面，而以「認同學校」構面得分最低。 三、南投縣教師組織公民行為整體上，因教師之婚姻狀況不同而有顯著性差異。 四、南投縣教師組織公民行為整體及各構面上，因五大人格特質各特質強度（低、中、高）不同而有顯著的差異，人格特質「神經質」強度越低而「外向性」、「開放性」、「和善性」以及「嚴謹自律」特質強度越強，則展現越佳之組織公民行為。 五、南投縣教師「神經質」特質與組織公民行為整體呈顯著的負相關，「外向性」、「開放性」、「和善性」以及「嚴謹自律性」特質與組織公民行為「整體」及各構面皆呈正相關。 六、南投縣教師背景變項中，婚姻可以預測組織公民行為「整體」及其中「主動助人」、「認同學校」構面；擔任職務可以預測組織公民行為「主動助人」、「認同學校」、「關懷學生」構面；年資可以預測組織公民行為「認同學校」構面。 七、南投縣教師五大人格特質中，「外向性」、「開放性」、「和善性」以及「嚴謹自律性」特質皆對整體組織公民行為具有顯著的預測力。以「嚴謹自律性」特質最對組織公民行為整體以及「主動助人」、「教學敬業」、「關懷學生」、「奉公無私」等最具有預測力；「和善性」特質則對「認同學校」最具有預測力。 最後，依據本研究的研究結果，對學校及後續之研究提出具體之建議。The purpose of this study was to realize teachers’ personality traits that influenced organizational citizenship behavior in public junior high schools in Nantou County. There were five main purposes in this study：(1) to investigate current condition of teachers’ personality traits and organizational citizenship behavior. (2) to analyze the difference of teachers’ demographic variables and personality traits to teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior. (3) to analyze the relationships among teachers’ personality traits and organizational citizenship behavior. (4) to analyze the main predictive factors on organizational citizenship behavior . (5) to conclude the research results and to propose some suggestions for the school and further studies as well. Questionnaire survey method was mainly used in this study. The survey instrument was “The questionnaire of junior high schools for teacher ”. The sample consisted of 377 teaching staff from public junior high schools in Nantou’ by adopting random sampling techniques. There were 328 questionnaires returned, and the percentage was 87﹪. There were 303 valid questionnaires used in statistic analysis, and the usable rate was 92%. The questionnaire data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test , one way analysis of variance（ANOVA）, multivariate analysis of variance（MANOVA）, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression . The results of this study were found as following： 1. Teachers’ personality traits of Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Extraversion and Conscientiousness among teachers was above average, and Neuroticism was below average. 2. Teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior was above average. 3. There were significant differences existed among demographic variables of teachers’ marital status on organizational citizenship behavior. 4. There were significant differences existed among the variables of teachers’ personality traits on organizational citizenship behavior. 5. There were correlations among teachers’ personality traits and organizational citizenship behavior. 6. Teachers’ demographic variables of marital status showed significant positive effect on organization citizenship behavior. 7. Teachers’ personality traits showed significant positive effect on organization citizenship behavior. The variables of Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness could significantly predict organization citizenship behavior. The variables of Conscientiousness could most significantly predict organization citizenship behavior. Finally, according to the findings, the investigator proposed several suggestions for the school and further studies.