神蹟佮祭祀活動──當代義愛公信仰之研究

Abstract

本文就共焦點集中佇「義愛公」信仰，以這一尊神佮伊ê分靈作研究ê主體，透過實際訪談「義愛公」信仰內底信徒ê神蹟經驗佮紀錄重要ê祭祀活動，藉此觀察當代臺灣民眾宗教信仰ê實踐方式，希望進一步瞭解佇人群佮信仰密切互動過程中，蘊藏啥物款深刻ê人生意涵。 「義愛公」ê成神過程，佇臺灣民間信仰ê脈絡下，充滿在地化ê特徵，藉此排除掉佇戰後因為日本外族ê元素，所可能引起ê政治干擾，如此，「日本人」才會當成作臺灣本地ê神，「義愛公」ê祭祀佮信仰因此才會當攏無斷。隨著社會ê發展佮變遷，「義愛公」ê信仰已經對地方色彩ê信仰傳統，擴展到到臺灣其他所在，由無仝所在訪談信徒所採集ê種種當代「神蹟」會當知影，「義愛公」信仰佇當代信徒ê心目中，其實就是佮佛祖、觀音、媽祖、土地公等神明無啥物無仝款ê臺灣神明，而且充分展現了臺灣民間信仰對著「醫藥神」ê依賴傳統，信徒嘛定定以「日本王爺」稱呼「義愛公」，顯示「義愛公」信仰ê在地化實踐過程中，發展出佮王爺信仰真仝款ê特性。 此外，上特殊ê是民間「義愛公」信仰佮社會運動ê結合，顯示當代ê「義愛公」信仰毋是干焦追求馬上有感覺ê「靈驗性」，是希望佇長期ê社會抗爭中，以信仰力量作為捍衛正義價值ê後盾，凸顯了當代「義愛公」信仰ê開創性。 「義愛公」ê祭祀活動主要攏佮媽祖婆ê祭祀活動相結合，表示「義愛公」ê信仰文化已經非常在地化，其他親像童乩起童、問神辦事原本就是臺灣民間宗教ê通俗信仰活動，佇「義愛公」信仰活動當中嘛發展出遮个通俗文化，展顯出「義愛公」信仰ê「臺灣」特色。

The research focuses on comtemperary practice of religious belief of Gī-Ài-Kong in the methods of interviewing the belivers and observing the worship in order to find out the meanings of life and faith. With the change of time, the belief of Gī-Ài-Kong spreads throughout the country from local Dongshi, and in the belivers’ opinions, Gī-Ài-Kong is very the same as any other traditional local gods such as Mazu, Guanyin, Wang-Ye, regardless of his nationality. In addition, many miracles show Gī-Ài-Kong’s ability to cure diseases, consistent with the tradition of Wan-Ye-Kong which has been a longstanding folk belief in Taiwan. Moreover, the most special miracle is the combination between the belief of Gī-Ài-Kong and the social protest, indicating that the belief persuades justices instead of mere efficaciousness. As for the worship of Gī-Ài-Kong, most activities of worship are connetecd with Mazu’s since the process of becoming god of Gī-Ài-Kong relys highly on Mazu. With the connection to a very local and tradional goddess, the belief of Gī-Ài-Kong can develop well without political interference and thus be localized and accepted all over the country.