單回合下肢不同肌群離心阻力運動對本體感覺之影響

Abstract

背景: 過去研究發現從事單一肌群 (例如肘屈肌群) 等速離心運動引起延遲性肌肉酸痛 (DOMS) 時，會使本體感覺 (例如位置覺) 表現下降，且持續4-7天才能恢復至基準值 ; 但是，目前還不清楚人體下肢不同肌群從事離心阻力運動 (ERE) 引起DOMS時，是否會對下肢不同肌群的本體感覺測驗表現造成影響。由於人體下肢肌群在我們日常活動扮演重要角色，而且當本體感覺表現下降的話，可能降低運動表現與增加運動傷害風險。因此，本研究目的: 在於探討「人體進行下肢離心阻力運動對下肢不同肌群的本體感覺之影響」。方法: 召募8名坐式生活的健康成年男子為研究對象，分別進行一回合50次 (5組 × 10次) 之腿伸展 (膝伸肌群；KE)、俯臥捲腿 (膝屈肌群；KF)、站立提踵 (蹠屈肌群；PF) 等三個常見阻力訓練機台的ERE，做為引起下肢不同肌群DOMS之方式，並在ERE前、ERE後0-5天各分別進行一次坐姿、趴姿和站姿的重新復位覺與位置對照覺 (膝關節彎曲30度、45度、60度) 等不同本體感覺測驗以及DOMS測驗，並以三因子重複量數變異數與皮爾遜積差相關進行統計分析。結果: (一) KE、KF與PF肌群進行ERE後第1-3天恢復期間，三個下肢不同肌群引起DOMS程度皆比前測值來得大 (p< .05)。(二) KE、KF與PF肌群進行ERE後第0-5天的坐姿、趴姿與站姿的重新復位覺 (坐姿：1.4~3.0度、趴姿：1.9~6.1度、站姿：1.5~4.1度) 和位置對照覺 (坐姿：1.7~5.0度；、趴姿：3.0~6.0度、站姿：1.8~5.1度) 產生絕對誤差程度均明顯比前測來得大 (p <.05)。(三) 在KE-ERE後坐姿復位覺絕對誤差與股直肌 (60度: r = -.72；45度: r = -.73) 與股外側肌 (60度: r = -.78) 引起最大DOMS值之間有相關 (p <.05)，而在對照覺絕對誤差與DOMS最大反應值則無相關 (p >.05)。(四) 在KE、KF、PF-ERE後的趴姿與站姿的復位覺、對照覺絕對誤差與最大DOMS值之間無相關 (p >.05)。結論: 本研究結果顯示，人體進行常見下肢不同部位ERE之後，引起DOMS現象會持續三天，但卻會對使本體感覺表現下降持續五天之久。所以，主觀DOMS感覺似乎無法反應至本體感覺表現下降的恢復程度上。因此，這些發現可提供給一般大眾做為從事高強度ERE初期之參考。

Background: Previous studies have reported that the performance of proprioception (e.g. position sense) impaired following a single bout of maximal eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the unilateral limb muscle (e.g. the elbow flexors). However, it is not known whether the results of the unilateral limb muscles can be generalized to the lower extremities muscles. Since lower limb muscles play a crucial role in the activities of daily living, it may decrease athletic performance and increase the risk of sports injury as the performance level of proprioception declines. Therefore, the purpose of this study investigated the effects of several commons eccentric resistance exercises used in a gym on performance level of proprioception of different human lower limbs. Methods: Eight sedentary healthy men performed 5 sets of 10 high-intensive (80% of pre-exercise maximal isometric strength) eccentric resistance exercises (ERE) of leg extension, prone leg curl, and standing calf to induce DOMS of the lower limb muscles. Changes in repositioning tasks (RPT) and positioning matching tasks (PMT; 60˚, 45˚, 30˚ of knee extension) during sitting, prostrated and standing postures, and muscle soreness were measured before, immediately after, and 1-5 days after ERE. Each measure was compared by a three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Results: (1) DOMS was significantly developed at 1-3 post-ERE of three different muscles compared to baseline (p<.05); (2) Changes in RPT (e.g. prostrated: 2˚-6˚) and PMT (e.g. prostrated: 3˚-6˚) during sitting, prostrated and standing postures testing immediately to 5 days after ERE of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) and plantar flexor (PF) were significantly greater than pre-ERE levels (p <.05); (3) The absolute errors of RPT of sitting posture, rectus femoris (e.g. 60˚: r = -.72) and vastus lateralis (60˚: r = -.78) post-ERE of the KE had a significant (p <.05) correlation with peak DOMS, however,there was no correlation between the absolute errors of PMT and peak DOMS post-ERE of the KE (p >.05); (4) The absolute errors between RPT and PMT of prostrated and standing postures post-ERE of the KE, KF and PF had no correlation with peak DOMS (p >.05). Conclusion: These results show that development of DOMS lasted for 3 day after performing three common ERE of the lower limbs, while performance level of proprioception impaired lasted for 5 day after ERE. It appears that the sensation of subjective DOMS after RER is not related to the recovery of proprioception markers. Thus, these findings of the present study may be provided reference for general people performing high-intensity of ERE at the beginning.